Collaborative Research: NeTS-NBD: Increasing the Energy Efficiency of the Internet with a Focus on Edge Devices

合作研究：NeTS-NBD：以边缘设备为重点提高互联网的能源效率

• 批准号: 0520081
• 负责人: Kenneth Christensen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0520081&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; NeTS; NBD; Increasing

This proposal addresses the increasingly critical need to improve the energy efficiency of the Internet by focusing on the primary and often neglected energy consumer, edge devices. Studies by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) show that about 74 TWh/yr of electricity (which is approximately $6 billion per year) is consumed by the Internet in the USA alone, of which 24 TWh/yr or 32% could be saved with full use of power management on desktop computers, currently the most common of edge devices on the Internet. Unfortunately, due to limits of existing protocols and architectures, networked desktop computers typically remain powered-up during frequent and often lengthy periods of idleness. As network devices, they are prevented from operating in an energy-efficient manner due to their need to respond to network transactions of various types without warning. The NSF is currently funding projects to investigate energy-use reduction in first-level LAN switches, server clusters, and supercomputers, but severely lacking is research to reduce energy consumption of the largest portion of Internet energy consumers, the edge devices.The principal investigators'(PIs) approach to addressing this challenge is to investigate and exploit a synergistic set of novel research concepts for protocol and subsystem infrastructure, and algorithms for effectively controlling them based on traffic and system constraints, so that desktop and other edge devices can be put to sleep during periods of relative idleness while network connectivity is maintained by a low-power hardware proxy integrated into the system. Moreover, the PIs' approach also promises to provide additional increases in energy efficiency by reducing consumption of network-related resources during active periods where graceful degradation of performance is acceptable, in effect trading off speed for energy. In addition to desktop computers, this approach will lead to similar solutions for a wide variety of emerging wired and wireless edge devices such as television set-top boxes, network appliances, remote cameras, etc.The novel concepts in the proposed approach include: (1) protocol proxying in the network interface of a desktop computer and/or within a first-level LAN switch to reduce minor use of system resources of the edge device and thus allow system power management to be fully exploited; (2) "smart" wake-up methods to allow power-managed devices to be awoken transparently and only when needed by existing applications and protocols, along with new power-management notification semantics for future network applications; (3) adaptive link rate in Ethernet to trade-off performance (or QoS) for energy efficiency by dynamically operating links at varying data rates (e.g., 1 or 10 Gb/s only when needed, and otherwise at 10 or 100 Mb/s); and (4) architectures for fixed or reconfigurable levels of staged hardware functionality to realize energy-efficient operation via adaptive spatial or temporal assignment of hardware resources to network transactions with power, performance, and functionality scaling.The proposed methodology to achieve these energy savings is measurement, modeling, and prototyping of new software and hardware. The PIs will build and evaluate a prototype of an advanced Ethernet interface for edge devices based on adaptive levels of functionality including proxying, smart wake-up, adaptive link rate, and reconfiguration. They will prototype software applications that use new semantics for power management notification across a network. They will disseminate the research outcomes to standards groups, government agencies, and/or industry. The PIs will design and evaluate a fast autonegotiation mechanism for adaptive link rate suitable for consideration by the IEEE 802.3. They also expect to play a key role in influencing future EPA Energy Star specifications for desktop computers and other edge devices (such as, potentially, television set-top boxes). This project will be conducted in a collaborative partnership between the University of South Florida and the University of Florida. Four graduate students will be supported of which one may be targeted to be from an underrepresented population group.Intellectual merit: The work proposed is intellectually meritorious in that it is the first significant effort to achieve energy savings for the global Internet in terms of its dominant factor, the network-connected edge devices. This research will define the importance of energy efficiency of network edge devices as an economic and environmental issue and result in the integrated design of power management and network applications, protocols, and architectures. Broader impact: The broader impact of this work is threefold. First is the impact upon society within a few years of completion of this project, enabling significant reductions in energy costs here in the USA and abroad, and supporting the expansion of the Internet into the developing world by reducing operating costs. Savings in the hundreds of millions to billions of dollars per year in the USA will be achieved if existing power management capabilities can be enabled in network edge devices based on the new ideas in this proposal. The PIs have existing relationships to allow them to work closely with LBNL, EPA, and industry to disseminate research outcomes and achieve the expected energy savings. The second broader impact is on the educational process, both in terms of the graduate students directly involved in this project as well as the many university students that will benefit from the materials that will be created and shared from this research. Finally, through the NSF REU and RET programs, outreach will be made to K-12 and underrepresented populations.

该提案通过关注主要且经常被忽视的能源消费者边缘设备来提高互联网能源效率的越来越重要的需求。 劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室（LBNL）的研究表明，仅在美国，互联网就消耗了约74台TWH/年的电力（每年约为60亿美元），其中24个TWH/yr或32％可以通过在台式计算机上充分利用台式计算机，目前是Internet上最常见的电源。 不幸的是，由于现有协议和体系结构的限制，网络台式计算机通常在频繁且通常很长的闲置时保持电源。 作为网络设备，由于他们需要在没有警告的情况下响应各种类型的网络交易，因此可以阻止他们以节能方式运行。 NSF目前正在资助项目，以调查第一级LAN开关，服务器群和超级计算机的能源降低，但严重缺乏的是减少互联网能源消费者的能源消耗，Edge Edge设备，Edge Edge设备。根据流量和系统约束有效地控制它们，以便在相对空闲的期间可以将台式机和其他边缘设备入睡，而网络连接由集成到系统中的低功率硬件代理维护。 此外，PIS的方法还有望通过在优雅的性能降级可以接受的活动期间减少与网络相关资源的消耗来增加能源效率的额外提高，这实际上可以换取能源的速度。 除台式计算机外，这种方法还将为各种新兴的有线和无线边缘设备（例如电视机顶盒，网络设备，远程摄像机等）提供类似的解决方案。所提出方法中的新颖概念包括：（1）在台式计算机和/范围内部的网络界面中允许lan系统中的网络接口和局部范围内部的范围内部的范围内部的设备，并将其完全降低到第一个级别的范围内部。被剥削； （2）“智能”唤醒方法，以允许透明且仅在现有应用程序和协议需要的情况下透明地唤醒电源设备，以及用于未来网络应用程序的新的Power-Management Notification Sensics； （3）以太网的自适应链接率通过以不同的数据速率（例如，仅在需要时，只有1或10 GB/s）来进行折衷绩效（或QoS），而以10或100 mb/s的链接为单位； （4）用于通过自适应空间或时间分配硬件资源来实现节能操作的固定或可重构水平的体系结构，以功率，性能和功能扩展为网络交易。 PI将根据自适应功能级别来构建和评估边缘设备的高级以太网接口的原型，包括代理，智能唤醒，自适应链接率和重新配置。 他们将原型软件应用程序使用新的语义来跨网络进行电源管理通知。 他们将把研究成果传播到标准组，政府机构和/或行业。 PI将设计和评估一种适用于IEEE 802.3考虑的自适应链路速率的快速自动连接率。 他们还期望在影响台式计算机和其他边缘设备的未来EPA Energy Star规范方面发挥关键作用（例如电视机顶盒）。 该项目将在南佛罗里达大学和佛罗里达大学之间的合作伙伴关系中进行。 将支持四名研究生，其中一个可能来自代表人群不足的人群。智能优点：拟议的工作在智力上是有利的，因为这是第一个重要的努力，即在其主要因素（网络连接的边缘设备）方面为全球互联网提供节省。 这项研究将定义网络边缘设备的能源效率的重要性是经济和环境问题，并导致电力管理和网络应用，协议和体系结构的整合设计。 更广泛的影响：这项工作的更广泛影响是三倍。 首先是该项目完成后的几年内对社会的影响，从而大大降低了美国和国外的能源成本，并通过降低运营成本来支持互联网扩展到发展中国家。 如果可以根据本提案中的新想法在网络边缘设备中启用现有的电力管理功能，则将在美国节省数亿至数十亿美元。 PI具有现有关系，使他们可以与LBNL，EPA和行业紧密合作，以传播研究成果并实现预期的节能。 第二个更广泛的影响是对教育过程的影响，无论是从直接参与该项目的研究生而言，以及许多将从这项研究中创建和共享的材料中受益的大学生。 最后，通过NSF REU和RET计划，将向K-12进行外展和代表性不足的人群。