Fracture of Sea Ice Under Low Confinement: The Transition from Splitting to Shear Faulting

低约束下海冰断裂：从分裂到剪切断层的转变

• 批准号: 0520375
• 负责人: Carl Renshaw
• 金额: $ 25.59万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0520375&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fracture; Sea; Ice; Under; Low

Splits and shear faults that form within the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean during winter result in reductions in the sea ice's integrity, albedo and effectiveness as a thermal barrier to the transfer of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere. Funds are provided to perform new experiments and modeling aimed at elucidating the fundamental physical processes that underlie these types of fractures within the winter sea ice cover. The focus of this proposal is the set of conditions under which each type of fracture forms, the underlying physical mechanisms, and how confinement governs the transition from splitting to faulting. To examine these issues, the principal investigators propose a series of systematic experiments on salt-water ice (and on fresh-water ice for comparison) with a long-term goal of better understanding the physics of sea ice failure. In addition, they propose to develop quantitative models of these physics, using as inputs direct observations of the physical processes.

冬季在北冰洋海冰覆盖范围内形成的分裂和剪切断层导致海冰的完整性、反照率和作为热量从海洋转移到大气的热障的有效性降低。为进行新的实验和建模提供了资金，旨在阐明在冬季海冰覆盖区内这些类型的裂缝背后的基本物理过程。该建议的重点是每种类型的裂缝形成的条件，潜在的物理机制，以及约束如何控制从分裂到断裂的转变。为了研究这些问题，主要研究人员提出了一系列关于咸水冰（和淡水冰进行比较）的系统实验，以更好地理解海冰失效的物理学。此外，他们建议开发这些物理的定量模型，使用对物理过程的直接观察作为输入。