Faulting under High Confinement: Experimental Investigation and Model Development

高约束下的断层:实验研究和模型开发

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0710919
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2008-05-01 至 2009-10-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Of particular interest (and controversy) in geophysics and seismology are the mechanismscontrolling brittle-like failure at depths of several hundred km or more where deep earthquakesoccur. At these depths frictional sliding, the fundamental failure mechanism operating under thelower confinements present at shallower depths, is nominally suppressed. We propose newexperiments and modeling aimed at elucidating the characteristics and the fundamental physicalmechanism(s) that underlie localized brittle compressive failure under high confinement.Among the mechanisms that have been proposed to explain brittle-like failure under highconfinement, dehydration embrittlement and transformational faulting are the two most oftencited. They act to reduce confinement locally, in effect allowing low-confinement frictionalfaulting to continue into the high-confinement regime. However, changes in earthquake seismiccharacter at greater depths are possibly consistent with a change in the physical mechanism ofrupture for the deepest earthquakes. An alternative mechanism, and the one we propose toinvestigate, is plastic faulting. This mechanism is fundamentally different from the other two: itis a non-frictional shear instability aided by adiabatic heating.Spirited by past success in using ice as a model material for rock--Kirby's [1987] discoveryof transformational faulting, and our own discovery [Renshaw and Schulson, 2001] of whatappears to be a universal mechanism of low-confinement brittle failure--and encouraged by itsmineralogical simplicity and by its marked similarity to the behavior of rocks and minerals, wepropose a series of systematic compression experiments on granular ice to determine the effects,if any, of confinement, grain size and strain rate on both the terminal failure stress and the failuremode, with attention to microstructural detail. Preliminary experiments demonstrate a transitionin brittle-like failure mode with increasing confinement and that the high confinement faultsappear not to be friction controlled. Nor do they appear to be related to either mode II cracking,dehydration embrittlement, or phase transformations. Our working hypothesis is that plasticfaulting is at play. In addition, we propose to develop quantitative models of high confinementcompressive failure, using as inputs direct observations of the physical processes.
在地球物理学和地震学中特别感兴趣的(也是有争议的)是控制在几百公里或更深处发生深地震的类似脆性破坏的机制。在这些深度处,摩擦滑动,在较浅深度处存在的较低限制下操作的基本失效机制,名义上被抑制。我们提出了新的实验和模型,旨在阐明高约束条件下局部脆性压缩破坏的特征和基本物理机制,在已提出的解释高约束条件下脆性破坏的机制中,脱水脆化和转换断层是两个最常被引用的。它们的作用是减少局部限制,实际上允许低限制摩擦断层继续进入高限制状态。然而,在更大的深度地震的地震特征的变化可能是一致的物理机制的变化破裂的最深的地震。另一种机制,也是我们打算研究的机制,是塑性断层。这一机制与其他两种机制有着根本的不同:它是一种非摩擦剪切不稳定性,由绝热加热辅助。受到过去成功地使用冰作为岩石的模型材料的鼓舞-Kirby [1987]发现转换断层,以及我们自己的发现[Renshaw和Schulson,2001年]的一个普遍的低约束脆性破坏机制--由于其矿物学上的简单性及其与岩石和矿物行为的显著相似性,我们建议对粒状冰进行一系列系统的压缩实验,以确定约束的影响(如果有的话),晶粒尺寸和应变速率对最终破坏应力和破坏模式的影响,并注意微观结构细节。初步实验表明,随着约束的增加,脆性破坏模式发生了转变,高约束断层似乎不受摩擦力控制。它们似乎也不与模式II开裂、脱水脆化或相变有关。我们的工作假设是塑性断层作用。此外,我们建议开发高confinementcompressive故障的定量模型,作为输入的物理过程的直接观察。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
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Carl Renshaw其他文献

Fluvial erosion linked to warming in the Canadian Arctic
与加拿大北极地区变暖相关的河流侵蚀
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s43247-025-02234-z
  • 发表时间:
    2025-04-06
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    8.900
  • 作者:
    Jordan Fields;Jack Kreisler;Evan Dethier;John Perrotti;Carl Renshaw
  • 通讯作者:
    Carl Renshaw

Carl Renshaw的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Carl Renshaw', 18)}}的其他基金

Impact of Changing Flood Frequency on Sediment Connectivity Between River Channels and their Riparian Margins
洪水频率变化对河道及其河岸边缘沉积物连通性的影响
  • 批准号:
    1545623
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Stream Channel Stability and Watershed Resilience of Geomorphic Recovery
地貌恢复的河道稳定性和流域恢复能力
  • 批准号:
    1636415
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Permeability and Elastic Properties of Fractured Rock: Systematic Experimental Investigation and Model Development
裂隙岩石的渗透性和弹性特性:系统实验研究和模型开发
  • 批准号:
    1519706
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Geomorphic Response and Recovery to Hurricane Irene Floods: Characterizing Reach-Scale and Regional Controls on Fluvial Adjustments and Fine Sediment Deposition
飓风艾琳洪水的地貌响应和恢复:描述河段规模和对河流调整和细泥沙沉积的区域控制
  • 批准号:
    1222531
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
New, GK-12: Fostering Scientific Creativity by Building Connections and Improving Science Communication Skills
新内容,GK-12:通过建立联系和提高科学沟通技巧来培养科学创造力
  • 批准号:
    0947790
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Faulting under high confinement: Experimental investigation and model development
高约束下的断层:实验研究和模型开发
  • 批准号:
    0911071
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Acquisition of Intrinsic Ge Gamma Spectrometers
收购本征 Ge 伽马能谱仪
  • 批准号:
    0650533
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Fracture of Sea Ice Under Low Confinement: The Transition from Splitting to Shear Faulting
低约束下海冰断裂:从分裂到剪切断层的转变
  • 批准号:
    0520375
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Development and Evaluation of a Natural Hazard Interactive Laboratory for Improving Decision Making
合作研究:用于改进决策的自然灾害交互实验室的开发和评估
  • 批准号:
    0433203
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Quantifying the Link Between the Mechanical Controls on Fracture Formation and Network Permeability Using a Physically-Based, Three Dimensional Model of Fracture Growth
使用基于物理的裂缝生长三维模型量化裂缝形成的机械控制与网络渗透率之间的联系
  • 批准号:
    9814121
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 6.5万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

相似国自然基金

体硅下薄膜(TUB,Thinfilm Under Bulk)复合结构成型机理及其高性能器件研究
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