Administrative Technologies and the Governance of Agrarian Reform: Liberal Modernization of the Polish Cadastral Infrastructure

行政技术和土地改革治理：波兰地籍基础设施的自由现代化

• 批准号: 0522257
• 负责人: Francis Harvey
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0522257&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Administrative; Technologies; Governance; Agrarian; Reform

This three-year research project is part of a seven-year study of cadastral infrastructure governance in relationship to Polish agrarian reform resulting from European Union (EU) expansion. The governance of agrarian reform through the cadastral infrastructure finds itself in tension between government policies and practices of civil society that arose in the 18th century partitions of Poland and was exacerbated by wars, occupations, population displacements, and the Communist planned economy. The ongoing process of EU-promoted liberal agrarian reform and cadastral infrastructure modernization involves the establishment of territorial hegemonic consent through administrative technologies that encounters this tension. With unclear property ownership ranging from 3 percent to 40 percent in rural areas of Poland, the ambiguity about formal land tenure signals the continuing degree of civil and political society tension. The Polish government has sought to modernize the cadastral infrastructure, but since the mid-1990s, proposals to modernize the cadastre have been stymied in Polish parliament. Through an agricultural parcel registry to control subsidy applications, the EU offers the administration a technological solution that may circumvent the political impasse. Discrepancies between this registry and the existing land cadastre are provided to county (powiat) administrations in Poland, but the updating of the cadastral land registry is solely a local decision. The objective of this research is to establish how people, technologies, and institutions create and maintain governance and consent in the face of civil and political society tensions. Comparing Polish local government activities during the process of agrarian reform sheds light on the variability of governance and different roles of administrative technologies.Historical studies of cadastral mapping show that the cadastre is a key part of territorial governance. This research will examine contemporary cadastral infrastructure focusing on how territorial governance develops. The working hypothesis is that the governmentality of the cadastral infrastructure hinges on the development of sufficient local "flexibility" between informal land tenure regimes and formal land cadastre and the corresponding establishment of "flexible," scale-contingent hegemonic consent between civil and political society. The updating of land cadastres by Polish county administrations constitutes a key government intervention in agrarian reform. This research extends Verdery's parcel elasticity concept to consider the multiple roles of the cadastral infrastructure. The science and technology studies concept of boundary objects takes into account the interactions and flexibility between people, institutions, and technologies; these objects in the cadastral infrastructure are essential to creating and maintaining hegemonic consent. The research will rely on interpretative ethnographic methods developed for comparative research over a three-year period. Graduate students at Polish higher education institutes will conduct more than 1,000 interviews with government officials and farmers in six counties. U.S. students will also take part in the interviews, and the investigators will conduct two years of participant observation research in a specific locality.This research will contributes to geography, geographic information science, area studies, science and technology studies, and graduate student education in the U.S. and Poland. The results of the research will inform policy concerning the resolution of ambiguities and discrepancies in cadastral records that constrain agricultural modernization and sustainable rural development. The project will actively involve Polish and U.S. graduate and undergraduate students and scientists, including minority students involved in indigenous studies.

这个为期三年的研究项目是一项为期七年的研究的一部分，该研究涉及欧盟（EU）扩张导致的波兰土地改革与地籍基础设施治理的关系。 通过地籍基础设施进行的土地改革的管理发现自己处于政府政策和公民社会实践之间的紧张关系中，这种紧张关系产生于18世纪世纪对波兰的分割，并因战争、占领、人口流离失所和共产主义计划经济而加剧。 欧盟推动的自由土地改革和地籍基础设施现代化的持续进程涉及通过遇到这种紧张局势的行政技术建立领土霸权同意。 在波兰农村地区，财产所有权不明确的比例从3%到40%不等，正式的土地保有权模糊不清，这表明民间社会和政治社会的紧张关系仍在持续。 波兰政府一直在寻求地籍基础设施的现代化，但自20世纪90年代中期以来，地籍现代化的提案一直在波兰议会受阻。 通过农业包裹登记来控制补贴申请，欧盟为政府提供了一个技术解决方案，可以绕过政治僵局。 在波兰，向县（市）行政部门提供了该登记册与现有土地地籍册之间的区别，但更新地籍土地登记册完全是地方决定。 这项研究的目的是建立人，技术和机构如何创建和维护治理和同意面对公民和政治社会的紧张局势。比较波兰地方政府在土地改革过程中的活动，揭示了治理的可变性和行政技术的不同作用。地籍测绘的历史研究表明，地籍是领土治理的关键部分。 这项研究将审查当代地籍基础设施，重点是如何领土治理的发展。 工作的假设是，地籍基础设施的治理取决于发展足够的地方“灵活性”之间的非正式土地保有制度和正式的土地地籍和相应的建立“灵活的”，规模视情况而定的霸权同意民间和政治社会。 波兰县行政部门更新土地地籍是政府对土地改革的一项重要干预措施。 本研究扩展了Verdery的地块弹性概念，以考虑地籍基础设施的多个角色。 科学和技术研究的边界对象的概念考虑到人，机构和技术之间的相互作用和灵活性;地籍基础设施中的这些对象对于创建和维持霸权同意至关重要。 这项研究将依靠为三年期比较研究而开发的解释性人种志方法。 波兰高等教育机构的研究生将对6个县的政府官员和农民进行1,000多次采访。 美国学生也将参加访谈，调查人员将在特定地点进行为期两年的参与观察研究，这项研究将有助于美国和波兰的地理学、地理信息科学、区域研究、科学和技术研究以及研究生教育。 研究结果将为解决制约农业现代化和农村可持续发展的地籍记录中的模糊和差异问题的政策提供参考。 该项目将积极吸引波兰和美国的研究生、本科生和科学家，包括参与土著研究的少数民族学生。