Collaborative Research: Interaction of Waves, Currents and Turbulence

智力优势：该项目由分析、计算和观测部分组成。它为三维、数值海洋模型与表面波模型的结合提供了新的理论基础。然而，还需要更多的经验规则，如现有的湍流闭合方案中的规则和在地面边界层建模中突出的规则。表层(或混合层)模型和面波模型的结合提出了新的问题，需要新的思维和数据。预计许多未知数可以通过只有在实验室环境下才能获得的详细测量来解决，如下所述，然后获得可用的现场数据。首先，将建立一个由一个水平和一个垂直维度(实质上是槽流或波浪槽流)决定的平均特性的环流模式和一个面波模式。该模型将包括斯托克斯漂移、垂直相关的波辐射应力项和其他过程，并需要对表示湍流混合的方法进行新的批判性审视。需要区分风输入的总动量和造成海浪积聚或衰减的部分。底部边界层-波浪相互作用也将是整个模型的一个组成部分。实验室实验将被设计用来测试模型的关键方面，特别是那些涉及波浪诱导运动和湍流之间相互作用的过程。现有的实验室水箱和测量设备非常适合于研究：a)机械(桨)或风生波浪的特性；b)二维切片中的湍流流动，通常是垂直于水箱交叉轴的平面；c)湍流的精细尺度结构，包括直接估计动能耗散率；d)水面以上的湍流速度和压力以及从风到波浪的动量转移的估计；E)将流动变量分离为它们的平均部分、与波浪有关的部分和与湍流有关的部分的方法。这项研究的预期结果将是一个组合的三维、水流-波浪-湍流模型，其中包括风强迫、表面波破裂、底部摩擦和其他经验成分的子模型，该模型由拟议的实验获得的数据和海洋学文献中提供的数据支持。该模型将是依赖于波浪的气候相关气体的空气/海洋转移的先驱。更广泛的影响：这个新模型将在研究界产生更广泛的影响。梅勒博士和他的同事开发的普林斯顿海洋模型已经在世界范围内应用，以了解许多不同海洋系统的动力学。发展先进的社区模式，如这里提出的那些处理波浪动力学和波浪与湍流相互作用的模式，是完全耦合的大气-界面-海洋模式的重要组成部分。这些模型对于理解和预测重要的环境过程是必要的，例如：人为污染物的途径和积累、气候变化和海洋物种的扩散或灭绝。这项研究的建模和实验部分的结果将在一个专门的网站上公布。这将向更广泛的社区提供有关研究进展的最新信息。正如调查人员的广泛记录所表明的那样，最后结果将通过经评审的出版物传播。这项研究的其他影响将通过研究生支持和迈阿密大学海-气相互作用盐水池(ASIST)设施的改进来实现。对于所有级别的风-浪-流相互作用的教学来说，AAST是一个很好的工具。迈阿密大学开设了一门实验室课程，演示波浪理论和边界层湍流的基本原理。该机构还资助了包括法国海军学院和土伦大学在内的几个机构的暑期实习。鉴于这些项目的成功，我们预计将继续提供实习机会。社区外展一直是本协会持续开展的一项重要活动。许多校园和社区团体将通过参观该设施继续被介绍到风/浪相互作用研究中。

ABSTRACTOCE-0526491Intellectual Merit: This project consists of analytical, computational and observational components. It features a new theoretical basis for three-dimensional, numerical ocean models conjoined with surface wave models. Nevertheless, additional empirical rules such as those extant in turbulence closure schemes and prominent in the modeling of surface boundary layers are needed. The marriage of surface layer (or mixed layer) models and surface wave models poses new questions and requires new thinking and data. It is expected that many of the unknowns can be addressed by detailed measurements only available in a laboratory setting as described below, thence on to available field data. First, a circulation model for mean properties dependent on one horizontal and one vertical dimension (essentially a channel or wave tank flow) will be set up together with a surface wave model. The model will encompass Stokes drift, vertically dependent wave radiation stress terms and other processes and will require a new critical look at means of representing turbulence mixing. There will be a need to distinguish between total momentum input from wind and that portion which contributes to wave buildup or wave decay. Bottom boundary layer - wave interaction will also be a component of the overall model.The laboratory experiments will be designed to test critical aspects of the model, in particular those processes that involve interactions between wave induced motions and turbulent flow. The existing laboratory tank and measuring equipment is well suited to examine: a) the characteristics of mechanical (paddle) or wind-generated waves; b) turbulent flow in a 2-D slice, usually a plane normal to the cross-tank axis, c) fine scale structure of the turbulence including direct estimates of the rate of kinetic energy dissipation; d) turbulent velocities and pressure above the surface and estimates of the momentum transfer from wind to waves; e) methods of separating the flow variables into their mean, wave-related and turbulent parts.The anticipated results of this research will be a combined three-dimensional, current-wave-turbulence model which includes sub-models for wind forcing, surface wave breaking, bottom friction and other empirical ingredients supported by data obtained from the proposed experiments and data available in the oceanographic literature. The model will be a precursor to wave dependent air/sea transfer of climate relevant gases.Broader Impacts : This new model will have many broader impacts within the research community. The Princeton Ocean Model developed by Dr. Mellor and colleagues has been applied worldwide to understand the dynamics of many diverse oceanographic systems. The development of advanced community models such as those proposed here that deal with wave dynamics and the interactions of waves and turbulence, are essential building blocks for fully coupled atmosphere-interface-ocean models. Such models are necessary for understanding and predicting such important environmental processes as: pathways and accumulation of anthropogenic pollutants, climate change and the spread or extinction of marine species. The results from both the modeling and experimental components of this research will be available at a dedicated web site. This will provide the broader community with up-to date information on the progress of the research. Final results will be disseminated through refereed publications as the extensive track record of the investigators demonstrates. Additional impacts of the research will be through graduate student support and the improved capabilities of the Air-Sea Interaction Salt-water Tank (ASIST) facility at the University of Miami. ASIST is an excellent tool for instruction in wind-wave-current interaction at all levels. A laboratory course that demonstrates basic principles of wave theory and boundary layer turbulence has been developed at the University of Miami. The facility has also sponsored summer internships from several institutions including the French Naval Academy and the University of Toulon. Given the success of these projects we expect to continue to provide internship opportunities. Community outreach has been a significant ongoing activity at ASIST. Many campus and community groups will continue to be introduced to wind/wave interaction studies through tours of the facility.