Collaborative Research: Interaction of Waves, Currents and Turbulence

智力优势：本项目由分析、计算和观测三个部分组成。它为结合表面波模式的三维数值海洋模式提供了新的理论基础。然而，需要额外的经验规则，例如湍流闭合方案中存在的规则和在表面边界层建模中突出的规则。面层（或混合层）模型与面波模型的结合提出了新的问题，需要新的思维和数据。预计许多未知因素只能通过下文所述的实验室环境中的详细测量来解决，然后再到现有的现场数据。首先，将与面波模型一起建立依赖于一个水平和一个垂直维度（本质上是通道或波槽流）的平均性质的循环模型。该模型将包括斯托克斯漂移、垂直依赖波辐射应力项和其他过程，并将要求对表示湍流混合的方法进行新的批判性观察。将需要区分来自风的总动量输入和有助于波浪形成或波浪衰减的部分。底部边界层-波的相互作用也将是整个模型的一个组成部分。实验室实验将被设计用于测试模型的关键方面，特别是那些涉及波浪诱导运动和湍流之间相互作用的过程。现有的实验室水箱和测量设备非常适合检查：a)机械（桨）或风力产生的波浪的特性；b)二维薄片湍流，通常是与跨槽轴垂直的平面；c)湍流的精细尺度结构，包括对动能耗散率的直接估计；D)海面上湍流的速度和压力以及从风到波的动量转移的估计；E)将流动变量分为平均部分、波动部分和湍流部分的方法。本研究的预期结果将是一个综合的三维流波湍流模型，该模型包括风强迫、面波破碎、底部摩擦和其他经验成分的子模型，该模型由拟议的实验数据和海洋文献中的现有数据支持。该模式将成为气候相关气体的波浪依赖空气/海洋转移的前兆。更广泛的影响：这种新模式将在研究界产生许多更广泛的影响。梅勒博士及其同事开发的普林斯顿海洋模型已在世界范围内应用，以了解许多不同海洋系统的动态。先进的社区模型的发展，如这里提出的那些处理波浪动力学和波浪与湍流的相互作用的模型，是完全耦合的大气-界面-海洋模型的基本组成部分。这些模型对于理解和预测诸如人为污染物的途径和积累、气候变化和海洋物种的扩散或灭绝等重要环境过程是必要的。这项研究的建模和实验部分的结果将在一个专门的网站上公布。这将为更广泛的社区提供有关研究进展的最新信息。最终结果将通过经过评审的出版物传播，因为调查人员的广泛跟踪记录表明。该研究的其他影响将通过研究生的支持和迈阿密大学海气相互作用盐水罐（ASIST）设施的改进能力来实现。ASIST是一个极好的工具，用于指导各级风波-流相互作用。迈阿密大学开设了一门实验课程，演示波动理论和边界层湍流的基本原理。该机构还资助了包括法国海军学院和土伦大学在内的几家机构的暑期实习。鉴于这些项目的成功，我们希望继续提供实习机会。社区外展一直是ASIST正在进行的一项重要活动。许多校园和社区团体将通过参观设施继续了解风/波相互作用的研究。

ABSTRACTOCE-0526491Intellectual Merit: This project consists of analytical, computational and observational components. It features a new theoretical basis for three-dimensional, numerical ocean models conjoined with surface wave models. Nevertheless, additional empirical rules such as those extant in turbulence closure schemes and prominent in the modeling of surface boundary layers are needed. The marriage of surface layer (or mixed layer) models and surface wave models poses new questions and requires new thinking and data. It is expected that many of the unknowns can be addressed by detailed measurements only available in a laboratory setting as described below, thence on to available field data. First, a circulation model for mean properties dependent on one horizontal and one vertical dimension (essentially a channel or wave tank flow) will be set up together with a surface wave model. The model will encompass Stokes drift, vertically dependent wave radiation stress terms and other processes and will require a new critical look at means of representing turbulence mixing. There will be a need to distinguish between total momentum input from wind and that portion which contributes to wave buildup or wave decay. Bottom boundary layer - wave interaction will also be a component of the overall model.The laboratory experiments will be designed to test critical aspects of the model, in particular those processes that involve interactions between wave induced motions and turbulent flow. The existing laboratory tank and measuring equipment is well suited to examine: a) the characteristics of mechanical (paddle) or wind-generated waves; b) turbulent flow in a 2-D slice, usually a plane normal to the cross-tank axis, c) fine scale structure of the turbulence including direct estimates of the rate of kinetic energy dissipation; d) turbulent velocities and pressure above the surface and estimates of the momentum transfer from wind to waves; e) methods of separating the flow variables into their mean, wave-related and turbulent parts.The anticipated results of this research will be a combined three-dimensional, current-wave-turbulence model which includes sub-models for wind forcing, surface wave breaking, bottom friction and other empirical ingredients supported by data obtained from the proposed experiments and data available in the oceanographic literature. The model will be a precursor to wave dependent air/sea transfer of climate relevant gases.Broader Impacts : This new model will have many broader impacts within the research community. The Princeton Ocean Model developed by Dr. Mellor and colleagues has been applied worldwide to understand the dynamics of many diverse oceanographic systems. The development of advanced community models such as those proposed here that deal with wave dynamics and the interactions of waves and turbulence, are essential building blocks for fully coupled atmosphere-interface-ocean models. Such models are necessary for understanding and predicting such important environmental processes as: pathways and accumulation of anthropogenic pollutants, climate change and the spread or extinction of marine species. The results from both the modeling and experimental components of this research will be available at a dedicated web site. This will provide the broader community with up-to date information on the progress of the research. Final results will be disseminated through refereed publications as the extensive track record of the investigators demonstrates. Additional impacts of the research will be through graduate student support and the improved capabilities of the Air-Sea Interaction Salt-water Tank (ASIST) facility at the University of Miami. ASIST is an excellent tool for instruction in wind-wave-current interaction at all levels. A laboratory course that demonstrates basic principles of wave theory and boundary layer turbulence has been developed at the University of Miami. The facility has also sponsored summer internships from several institutions including the French Naval Academy and the University of Toulon. Given the success of these projects we expect to continue to provide internship opportunities. Community outreach has been a significant ongoing activity at ASIST. Many campus and community groups will continue to be introduced to wind/wave interaction studies through tours of the facility.