Masticatory Biomechanics and the Primate Face

咀嚼生物力学和灵长类动物的面部

• 批准号: 0527026
• 负责人: David Strait
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2007-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0527026&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Masticatory; Biomechanics; Primate; Face

The research proposed here entails the initial phase of a comprehensive analysis of primate masticatory biomechanics. The primary goals are (1) to determine how patterns of facial bone strain are influenced by major biomechanical variables (skeletal geometry, material properties, and external forces), and (2) to test hypotheses purporting to explain the pattern of similarities and differences in facial strain observed among living primates. Several types of primary data will be collected that are fundamental to a complete understanding of primate feeding mechanics. These data include (1) in vivo and in vitro bone strain, (2) electromyography, physiological cross-sectional area and muscle fiber orientation of the muscles of mastication, (3) three-dimensional information about craniofacial geometry, and (4) material properties of craniofacial bones and sutures. Functional hypotheses will be tested by integrating these data using finite element analysis, a widely used engineering technique designed to examine how objects of complex geometry deform under load. The initial phase of this research has two components. The first component will entail the modification of a finite element model of the craniofacial skeleton of Macaca to incorporate new data (muscle and bone properties, EMG, and in vitro and in vivo bone strain) to develop a model approach to the study of primate craniofacial structure and function. This phase will enable the researchers to demonstrate the viability of the proposed methods, their ability to integrate vast amounts of diverse types of data, and the significance of the various types of data for understanding adaptions related to the functional morphology of the craniofacial apparatus. The second component will include preliminary analysis of the significance of structural and functional differences between anthropoids and strepsirrhines through initial studies of Eulemur fulvus and Cebus capucinus. Following analysis of the results of this initial project, the investigators will apply for funds to expand the sample sizes and/or the taxonomic scope of the study, as indicated by our findings.This research will have a broad social impact. It will: (a) provide the broadest examination yet of facial biomechanics; such basic science research will find applications in clinical sciences related to the craniofacial development, growth, pathology, and trauma, (b) using FE models, limit the need for, or at least increase the analytical power of, future experimental studies requiring the use of live animals, (c) demonstrate the inherent interdisciplinarity of physical anthropology, (d) provide an example of how complex systems can be analyzed using a combination of empirical data and computational modeling, (e) strengthen collaborations between anthropologists in five universities, and (f) provide funding to graduate students at three universities.

这里提出的研究需要灵长类动物咀嚼生物力学的综合分析的初始阶段。 主要目标是（1）确定面部骨骼应变模式如何受到主要生物力学变量（骨骼几何形状，材料特性和外力）的影响，以及（2）测试旨在解释活体灵长类动物中观察到的面部应变相似性和差异模式的假设。 将收集几种类型的原始数据，这些数据对于全面了解灵长类动物的摄食机制至关重要。 这些数据包括（1）在体内和体外骨应变，（2）肌电图，咀嚼肌的生理横截面积和肌纤维取向，（3）关于颅面几何形状的三维信息，以及（4）颅面骨和骨缝的材料特性。 功能假设将通过使用有限元分析整合这些数据进行测试，有限元分析是一种广泛使用的工程技术，旨在研究复杂几何形状的物体在载荷下如何变形。 这项研究的初始阶段有两个组成部分。 第一个组成部分将需要修改的有限元模型的头面部骨骼的猕猴纳入新的数据（肌肉和骨骼特性，肌电图，并在体外和体内骨应变），开发一个模型的方法来研究灵长类动物头面部结构和功能。 这一阶段将使研究人员能够证明所提出的方法的可行性，它们整合大量不同类型数据的能力，以及各种类型数据对于理解与颅面器官功能形态相关的适应的重要性。 第二部分将包括初步分析的意义的结构和功能之间的差异，通过初步研究的Eulemur fulvus和Cebus capucinus。 在分析了这一初步项目的结果后，研究人员将申请资金，以扩大研究的样本量和/或分类范围，正如我们的发现所表明的那样，这项研究将产生广泛的社会影响。 它将：（a）提供迄今为止最广泛的面部生物力学检查;这种基础科学研究将在与颅面发育、生长、病理学和创伤相关的临床科学中找到应用，（B）使用FE模型，限制需要使用活体动物的未来实验研究的需要，或至少增加其分析能力，（c）证明体质人类学固有的跨学科性，（d）举例说明如何结合使用经验数据和计算模型来分析复杂系统，（e）加强五所大学人类学家之间的合作，（f）为三所大学的研究生提供资金。