Sensors: Strategic Design and Tactical Operation of Surveillance Sensor Systems for Ports and Waterway Security

该传感器和传感器网络（NSF 05-526）项目的目标是为监视传感器系统的战略设计和战术操作启动一个知识库，帮助确保港口和水道的强大安全，特别是处理未经授权的小型船只，这些船只可以轻松访问敏感“目标”。战略设计需要规定传感器的类型，每种类型的数量和每个传感器的位置；战术操作需要检测异常船只行为和分析系统容错能力。策略设计的方法包括制定数学模型，设计专门的算法来解决大规模的实例，并在计算上测试算法。检测异常行为的方法需要设计一个广义贝叶斯框架和一个多变量统计监测程序来确定“正常”行为，使用历史数据从位置和速度推断入侵者的意图。容错分析的方法涉及到图论和组合数学。如果成功，社会将受益于休斯敦航道、全国港口和水路以及工业厂房、核电站、办公楼和国家纪念碑等敏感设施的监视系统的改进所提供的加强的国土安全。该项目将通过培训参与的学生和提供教学和研究的计算机程序来促进多学科教学和培训。它将通过激励学生在相关领域从事职业和聘请少数民族高中的教师来促进研究和教育的基础设施。它将促进学习，因为结果将在各所大学教授。将积极从代表性不足的群体中招募参加者，以促进他们的社会经济福利。传播计划将通过在专业会议上发表、在评审期刊上发表和在大学级别的课程中教学，使结果广泛可用，有助于培训分析人员、工程师和安全当局。

The objective of this Sensors and Sensor Networks (NSF 05-526) project is to initiate a knowledge base for the strategic design and tactical operation of surveillance sensor systems that help assure robust security in ports and waterways, especially to deal with unauthorized, small vessels that can gain easy access to sensitive "targets." Strategic design entails prescribing the types of sensors, the number of each type and the location of each sensor; tactical operations require detecting anomalous vessel behavior and analyzing system fault tolerance. The approach to strategic design involves formulating mathematical models, devising specialized algorithms to solve large-scale instances, and testing algorithms computationally. The approach to detecting anomalous behavior entails devising a generalized Bayesian framework and a multivariate statistical monitoring procedure to determine "normal" behavior using historical data to infer an intruder's intentions from position and velocity. The approach to fault tolerance analysis involves graph theory and combinatorial mathematics.If successful, society will benefit from the enhanced homeland security provided by improved surveillance systems in the Houston ship channel and in ports and waterways throughout the country as well as in sensitive facilities like industrial plants, nuclear power plants, office buildings, and national monuments. The project will promote multidisciplinary teaching and training by training participating students and providing computer programs for teaching and research. It will contribute to the infrastructure for research and education by motivating students to pursue careers in relevant areas and by engaging teachers from minority-serving high schools. It will promote learning as results are taught in various universities. Participants will be actively recruited from under-represented groups to promote their socioeconomic welfare. The plan for dissemination will make results widely available, contributing to training analysts, engineers, and security authorities by presenting at professional conferences, publishing in refereed journals, and teaching at university-level courses.