Collaborative Research: Design Principles for Effective Interorganizational Public Safety Response Infrastructures

在 9/11 后的环境中，催生了一种新的组织形式，其中公共部门机构和私营组织合作设计复杂的 IT 基础设施，即提供共享服务交付的系统。这项研究将研究并推荐对于架构和治理结构至关重要的设计元素，以促进组织间成功使用这些系统。该项目将借鉴公共管理、组织理论和信息系统的相关知识。它将重点关注：（1）明确满足技术基础设施的组织需求的协作系统的设计，以及（2）系统设计元素和能够最好地利用此类系统的参与组织之间的交互。公共安全协作目前使用打包或开放标准系统来支持警察、消防、救援、国土安全和其他公共安全机构之间的互操作性。套装软件系统的例子包括来自 COPLINK 和 Motorola 的系统。开放标准系统的示例包括宾夕法尼亚州的司法网络 (JNET)、华盛顿特区的国会无线集成网络 (CapWIN) 和圣地亚哥地区的自动化区域司法信息系统 (ARJIS)。目前的提案将扩展其研究人员基于 CapWIN、ARJIS 和 JNET 以及其他组织间协作环境进行的初步实证和理论工作。 预期贡献：研究人员确定了关注公共安全领域组织间协作基础设施的三个关键原因。首先，此类系统是未来因 IT 而存在并有效利用 IT 的网络组织的典范。其次，它们代表了数字政府中一些最具创新性的思维。第三，这些系统的设计和使用对公共安全有直接的好处。这些包括改善国土安全、更好地提供政府服务和更安全的社区，同时它们为协作系统和使用它们的组织的设计原则赋予了实质性的科学价值。在进一步开展此类研究时，美国将发挥领导作用，解决国家和国际公共安全组织当前面临的挑战。该项目将采用以设计为中心的方法，以实现改进和更强大的 IT 基础设施，以支持组织间信息共享。它将使用多种基于现场的数据收集方法结合详细的实证调查，并将分析有关美国公共安全的大量二手数据。它将综合一系列相关学科的现有文献，以支持协作 IT 基础设施和支持性组织治理原则和结构的理论和实践设计建议。这项工作的智力价值来自于：1。来自公共管理和政治学、组织信息系统和信息技术的跨学科见解。2．实证研究设计充分利用了深入案例研究和大样本调查的最佳方面。3．重点关注对协作成功至关重要的技术设计功能和架构原则。4．分析对于支持协作系统的成功实施和运行至关重要的制度治理结构和流程。5．强调构建可推广到 IT 支持公私合作的许多领域的理论。这项工作的更广泛影响是改进：1．公共安全和国土安全通过更好的系统设计来支持信息共享。2．无论背景如何，IT 支持的公私合作。

In the post 9/11 environment, a new form of organization has spawned in which public sector agencies and private organizations collaborate in designing complex IT-enabled infrastructures - systems that provide shared service delivery. This research will study and recommend design elements essential for architecture and governance structures that promote interorganizational success in using these systems. This project will draw on relevant knowledge from public administration, organizational theory, and information systems. It will focus on: (1) the design of collaborative systems that explicitly address the organizational needs of the technical infrastructure and (2) interactions among the system design elements and participating organizations that can best leverage such systems. Public safety collaborations currently use either packaged or open-standards systems to support interoperability among police, fire, rescue, homeland security and other public safety agencies. Examples of the packaged software systems include those from COPLINK and Motorola. Examples of open standards systems include Pennsylvania's Justice Network (JNET), the D.C. area's Capitol Wireless Integrated Network (CapWIN) and the San Diego area's Automated Regional Justice Information System (ARJIS). The current proposal will expand upon initial empirical and theoretical work conducted by its investigators based on CapWIN, ARJIS and JNET, and other interorganizational collaborative settings.Expected contributions:The researchers identify three key reasons to focus on infrastructures for interorganizational collaboration in the public safety domain. First, such systems are exemplars of how future networked organizations that exist because of IT, and effectively use it, might look. Second, they represent some of the most innovative thinking in digital government. Third, these systems, in their design and use, have direct benefits relative to public safety. These include improved homeland security, better delivery of governmental service and safer communities, while they impart substantial scientific value relative to design principles for both collaborative systems and the organizations using them. In furthering such research, the United States will provide leadership addressing current challenges that national and international public safety organizations face. The project will employ a design-centered approach in order to achieve improved and more robust IT infrastructures to support interorganizational information sharing. It will combine detailed empirical investigation using several field-based data collection methods, and will analyze extensive secondary data available on public safety in the United States. It will synthesize existing literature across a range of relevant disciplines to support theoretical and practical design recommendations for collaborative IT infrastructure and supportive organizational governance principles and structures.The intellectual merit of the work derives from:1. Interdisciplinary insights drawn from public administration and political science, organizational information systems, and information technology.2. Empirical research design that leverages the best aspects of intensive case study and a large-sample survey.3. Focus on technical design features and architectural principles that are essential to collaborative success.4. Analysis of institutional governance structures and processes that are critical for support of successfulimplementation and operation of collaborative systems.5. Emphasis on building theory that can be generalized to many domains in which IT supports public-private collaborations.The broader impact of the work is to improve:1. Public safety and homeland security via better systems design to support information sharing.2. IT-enabled public-private collaborations, regardless of context.