Collaborative Research: Explosive Volcanism: Further Perspectives on Controls on Style and Dynamic of the 79AD Plinian Eruption at Vesuvius

合作研究：爆发性火山活动：对公元 79 年维苏威火山普林尼式喷发的类型和动力控制的进一步视角

• 批准号: 0537950
• 负责人: Lucia Gurioli
• 金额: $ 23.8万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0537950&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Explosive; Volcanism; Further

Intellectual merit: The 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius, which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum, is generally regarded as the 'type' example of Plinian volcanism. This eruption is very well documented, and it occurred at the most dangerous of the world's Decade Volcanoes where at least 600,000 people live within 10 km of the crater. The sustained explosive eruptions, which characterize Vesuvius' history, are highly destructive events where stable eruption plumes give way to column collapse, and/or phreatomagmatism. In this context, the 79AD eruption can be considered as a "case study" or "field laboratory" for understanding such complex changes in eruption processes. Although much is known about the physical characteristics and chemistry of its deposits, many questions remain regarding the eruptions themselves:1. What was the cause of sudden early column collapse (prior to the onset of phreatomagmatism),which generated the first pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), responsible for destruction and deaths at Herculaneum and surrounding areas?2. What were the conditions of ascent and vesiculation of magma during the late, phreatomagmatic phase of the eruptions characterized by highly unstable plumes?3. What influence did microlites in these melts, mainly leucites, have on eruption dynamics, crystallization kinetics and magma rheology?Answers to these questions will provide a more complete understanding of complex changes in eruption dynamics and style. Data sets for vesicle and microlite size, density and shape will be determined and compared with experimental data to constrain timing and rates of leucite crystallization and vesicle formation. Experiments on leucite crystallization will be conducted at UAF where studies are already underway on vesicle development [EAR 0511070]).Broader impacts: By focusing on this well-constrained and famous historical eruption, the proposed work should have broad interest to the public and application to other volcanological investigations. Students and PIs will benefit from the cross-institutional and international exchange of expertise and ideas between UH, UAF, UO and University of Cagliari - ensuring the exchange of ideas and approaches among individuals with a variety of cultural and societal backgrounds. Results will be incorporated into teaching materials for Hawaiian and Alaskan students, and the budget includes funds to ensure the direct involvement of students in the research. Further outreach will be achieved through an educational web-page which uses the 79AD example to demonstrate geological processes through analogy with this fascinating and famous eruption to high school students. Concurrently, results will be incorporated into education and hazard communication to officials of the Italian Civil Defense plan for Vesuvius.

智力优点：公元79年维苏威火山爆发，摧毁了庞贝和赫库兰尼姆，通常被认为是普林尼火山作用的典型例子。这次火山爆发有很好的记录，它发生在世界上最危险的十年火山，至少有60万人生活在火山口10公里内。维苏威火山的历史特征是持续的爆炸性喷发，是高度破坏性的事件，稳定的喷发羽流让位于柱坍塌和/或蒸汽岩浆作用。在这种情况下，公元79年的喷发可以被认为是一个“案例研究”或“现场实验室”，以了解这种复杂的变化，在喷发过程中。虽然人们对它的沉积物的物理特征和化学性质了解很多，但关于火山爆发本身仍然存在许多问题：1。是什么原因导致了早期柱体的突然坍塌（在蒸汽岩浆作用开始之前），从而产生了第一个火山碎屑密度流（PDCs），导致了赫库兰尼姆及其周边地区的破坏和死亡？2.在以高度不稳定的羽流为特征的火山喷发的后期蒸汽岩浆阶段，岩浆的上升和泡状化的条件是什么？3.这些熔体中的微晶岩，主要是白榴石，对喷发动力学、结晶动力学和岩浆流变学有什么影响？这些问题的答案将提供一个更完整的了解复杂的火山喷发动力学和风格的变化。将确定泡囊和微晶大小、密度和形状的数据集，并与实验数据进行比较，以约束白榴石结晶和泡囊形成的时间和速率。白榴石结晶的实验将在UAF进行，UAF已经在进行囊泡发育的研究[200511070]）。更广泛的影响：通过关注这一受到良好约束的著名历史喷发，拟议的工作应该引起公众的广泛兴趣，并应用于其他火山学调查。 学生和PI将受益于UH，UAF，UO和卡利亚里大学之间的专业知识和想法的跨机构和国际交流-确保具有各种文化和社会背景的个人之间的想法和方法的交流。研究结果将纳入夏威夷和阿拉斯加学生的教材，预算包括确保学生直接参与研究的资金。将通过一个教育网页进一步推广，该网页使用公元79年的例子，通过与这一迷人而著名的火山爆发进行类比，向高中生展示地质过程。与此同时，研究结果将被纳入教育和危险传达给意大利民防维苏威火山计划的官员。