Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Prehispanic Water Management Systems in the Arid Sierra of the Moquegua Valley, Peru

在Patricia McAnany博士的指导下，Chris Dayton将在秘鲁南部Moquegua山谷的高海拔荒地上，研究古代人们使用的灌溉技术的遗迹。2006年夏天，他将收集由瓦里（公元600-1000年）、埃斯图奎纳（公元1300-1500年）和印卡（公元1475-1525年）文化建造的灌溉渠、农业梯田、水库、拦水坝和其他水管理结构的空间、土壤、水力和其他数据。这项研究将通过比较这些古老的文化——特别是广阔的瓦里和印卡国家——如何在恶劣的沙漠山脉环境中解决类似的工程问题，来扩大瓦里人、埃斯图奎纳人和印卡人在莫克瓜河谷上游的占领顺序。此外，它将通过检验一个有前途但迄今未使用的概念，即行政密度，来加强水管理的考古学，该概念可能代表过去的水分配战略的物质关联。最后，该项目将有助于过去半个世纪人类学和考古学研究中最重要的主题之一：如何在社会和政治框架内分配水资源等稀缺资源。拟议的研究还将为培训、研究和文物保护方面的国际合作提供机会。Patrick R. Williams博士和Michael E. Moseley博士的现场监督将使秘鲁和北美的学生接触水力考古学——古代水资源管理的研究——这是考古学中罕见的专业。此外，挖掘工作将与秘鲁国家文化研究所的一名代表一起进行，以加强北美和秘鲁研究工作之间的联系。此外，这一合作将把拟议的项目与泛安第斯Qhapaq Nan倡议结合起来，该倡议将前西班牙工程景观概念定义为值得世界遗产保护的自然和文化特征的复杂混合体。本项目研究的梯田、水渠等考古特征为不可再生文化资源；尽管它们已经存在了1500年之久，从本质上讲，它们似乎是安第斯山脉永恒、坚不可摧的一部分，但现代发展正在以惊人的速度摧毁它们。

Under the supervision of Dr. Patricia McAnany, Chris Dayton will examine remnants of irrigation technology used by ancient people in an extraordinarily challenging setting, the high-altitude badlands in the Moquegua Valley of southern Peru. In the summer of 2006, he will collect spatial, soil, hydraulic, and other data from irrigation canals, agricultural terraces, reservoirs, check dams, and other water management structures built by the Wari (c. 600-1000 A.D.), Estuquina (c. 1300-1500 A.D.), and Inka (c. 1475-1525 A.D.) cultures. This study will augment the established sequence of Wari, Estuquina, and Inka occupation in the upper Moquegua Valley by comparing how these ancient cultures-particularly the expansive Wari and Inka states-approached similar engineering problems in the harsh desert sierra environment. Furthermore, it will enhance the archaeology of water management by testing a promising but heretofore unused concept, administrative density, that may represent the material correlates of past water allocation strategies. Finally, this project will contribute to one of the most important topics in the last half-century of anthropological and archaeological research: how scarce resources such as water are distributed within social and political frameworks.The proposed study will also provide opportunities for international collaboration in training, research, and heritage preservation. Field supervision by Dr. Patrick R. Williams and Dr. Michael E. Moseley will expose Peruvian and North American students to hydraulic archaeology-the study of ancient water management-a rare specialization within archaeology. In addition, excavations will be conducted in conjunction with a representative of the Peruvian Instituto Nacional de Cultura (INC), strengthening ties between North American and Peruvian research efforts. Further, this collaboration will integrate the proposed project with the pan-Andean Qhapaq Nan initiative, which conceptualizes the Prehispanic engineered landscape as a complex mixture of natural and cultural features worthy of World Heritage protection. The terraces, canals, and other archaeological features to be studied in this project are nonrenewable cultural resources; although they have survived up to 1,500 years, and seem at a visceral level to be a timeless, indestructible part of the Andean landscape, modern development is now destroying them at an alarming rate.