Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Mobility As A Response To Social And Economic Factors

该项目探讨尤卡特克玛雅人对殖民统治和共和统治的反应和经历，以及庄园以外社会和经济组织的变异性。梅西科尤卡坦的大多数考古调查都突出了哥伦布前的玛雅遗址和殖民地时期的庄园。相比之下，在建筑规模较小的遗址(如牧场)上，土著土地所有者(Caciques)和他们的主题人口之间的关系一直没有从考古学的角度进行充分的研究。摩根-史密斯的研究考察了处于历史政治转变边缘的说玛雅人的人之间的土地所有者和劳动者的关系，解决了关键问题，即社会经济地位和土著拥有的土地上的租户如何影响家庭的抛弃，以及与目前受压迫的地点的关系。今天，土地所有者和工人互动的过程在世界许多地区仍在继续，因此这项研究具有当前的现实意义。在这一背景下，这项研究解决了以下更广泛的问题：土地所有者和劳动者之间的社会和经济关系是如何在家庭背景下实现的？租户和不平等的不同模式如何影响对土著拥有的土地产业的债务补偿的理解？这项拟议的研究旨在利用混合方法解决当前关于家庭遗弃的文献和尤卡泰克历史考古新兴领域的空白。摩根-史密斯的考古研究探索了兰乔基伊克的家庭遗弃的物质表现，兰乔基伊克是18世纪和20世纪的农村土地庄园，位于梅西科尤卡坦的普乌克地区。在殖民晚期和共和时代，这里被几代讲玛雅语言的地主和劳工占据。牧场代表了一种几乎没有考古或民族史学调查的遗址类型。利用家庭层面的挖掘数据、后裔社区的口述历史和档案研究，本项目通过房屋地块被遗弃的背景，考察了牧场所有者S和劳动人口之间的关系。考古发掘将确定拥有土地的家庭和劳动家庭之间的占用长度以及房屋之间的物质不平等。口述历史访谈和档案研究将被用来确定可能吸引人们来到或离开牧场的资源、机会和历史过程。利用网络分析，将对考古、档案和口述历史数据进行评估，以了解复杂的社会经济关系如何影响离开社区的决定，产生家庭遗弃的物质表现，并继续塑造后代？与今天的风景互动。这种方法的优点是它给了口述历史和档案数据？在历史考古学中，它们通常被视为平行或比较的--对材料数据集的分析考虑。与此同时，该项目进一步加强了与兰乔基伊克后裔社区Xobenhaltun的持续合作关系，后者通过使用遗址的墓地保持联系。具体地说，社区成员将以顾问和贡献者的身份参与该项目，记录他们在兰乔基伊克的经历。让后裔社区参与对话，用他们的母语谈论他们的过去，可以在考古过程中与社区更有意义地接触。此外，本研究还为人类学研究生和本科生志愿者提供实地、实验室和口述历史培训。

This project explores indigenous Yucatec Maya responses to and experiences of Colonial and Republican rule, and the variability of social and economic organization beyond the hacienda. The majority of archaeological investigations in Yucatán, México have highlighted Pre-Columbian Maya sites and Colonial haciendas. By contrast the relationships between indigenous landowners (caciques) and their subject populations on sites of more modest architectural scale, such as ranchos, has been understudied from an archaeological perspective. Morgan-Smith's research examines landowner-laborer relationships among Maya-speakers on the cusp of historical political shifts, addressing the critical issue of how socioeconomic status and tenancy on indigenous-owned landed estates factor into household abandonment, and relationships with sites of oppression in the present. The processes involved in landowner-worker interactions continue in many regions of the world today and this research thus has current relevance. Within this context, this research addresses the following broader questions: How are social and economic relationships between the landowners and laborers materialized in household contexts? How do differential patterns of tenancy and inequality inform the understanding of debt peonage on indigenous-owned landed estates? The proposed research is designed to address gaps in the current literature on household abandonment and the nascent field of Yucatec historical archaeology using a mixed-methods approach.Morgan-Smith's archaeological research explores the material expression of household abandonment from Rancho Kiuic, a rural 18th- 20th century landed estate in the Puuc region of Yucatán, México. Occupied by generations of Maya-speaking landowners and laborers through the late-Colonial and Republican eras. The Rancho represents a site type with that has seen little archaeological or ethnohistoric investigation. Using household-level excavation data, oral histories of the descendant community, and archival research, this project examines the relationships between the Rancho?s owners and the laboring population through house-lot abandonment contexts. Archaeological excavation will establish occupation lengths within, and material inequities between, house-lots of the landowning and laboring families. Oral history interviews and archival research will be employed to identify resources, opportunities, and historical processes that may have drawn the population to or away from the Rancho. Using network analysis, the resulting archaeological, archival, and oral history data will be evaluated to understand how complex socioeconomic relationships impacted decisions to leave the community, produced the material manifestations of household abandonment, and continue to shape the descendants? interactions with the landscape today. The advantage of this approach is that it gives the oral history and archival data ? which are often treated as parallel or comparative in historical archaeology - the analytical consideration of material data sets. At the same time, this project furthers ongoing collaborative relationships with the descendant community Xobenhaltun, of Rancho Kiuic, who maintain their ties through use of the site's cemetery. Specifically, community members will participate in the project as consultants and contributors to histories of their experiences at Rancho Kiuic. Involving the descendant community in dialogue about their pasts in their native language permits more meaningful engagement with communities in the archaeological process. Furthermore, this research provides field, lab, and oral history training for both graduate and undergraduate Anthropology student volunteers.