Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Mobility As A Response To Social And Economic Factors

这个项目探讨了土著尤卡坦玛雅人对殖民和共和统治的反应和经验，以及庄园之外的社会和经济组织的变化。梅西科尤卡坦州的大多数考古调查都强调了前哥伦布时期的玛雅遗址和殖民地庄园。相比之下，土著土地所有者（酋长）和他们的主题人口的网站更温和的建筑规模，如牧场，从考古学的角度研究不足。摩根-史密斯的研究探讨了玛雅人在历史政治变迁的风口浪尖上的地主-劳动者关系，解决了社会经济地位和土著土地的租赁如何影响家庭遗弃的关键问题，以及与当前压迫地点的关系。今天，在世界许多地区，土地所有者与工人之间的互动过程仍在继续，因此这项研究具有现实意义。在此背景下，本研究解决了以下更广泛的问题：如何在家庭背景下实现的土地所有者和劳动者之间的社会和经济关系？不同的租佃模式和不平等如何影响对土著人拥有的地产的债务负担的理解？拟议的研究旨在解决目前的文献中的差距家庭遗弃和尤卡坦历史考古学的新兴领域使用混合方法的approaches.Morgan-Smith的考古研究探讨了从兰乔Kiuic，农村18 - 20日世纪在尤卡坦州，梅西科普乌克地区的地产放弃家庭的物质表达。在殖民地晚期和共和国时期，几代讲玛雅语的土地所有者和劳工占据了这里。兰乔代表了一种几乎没有考古学或民族历史学调查的遗址类型。使用户级挖掘数据，口述历史的后裔社区，和档案研究，本项目探讨兰乔？的业主和劳动人口通过房屋地段放弃上下文。考古发掘将建立占领长度内，和材料之间的不平等，房屋地段的土地拥有者和劳动家庭。口述历史访谈和档案研究将被用来确定资源，机会和历史进程，可能吸引人口或远离牧场。使用网络分析，由此产生的考古，档案和口述历史数据将进行评估，以了解复杂的社会经济关系如何影响决定离开社区，产生家庭遗弃的物质表现，并继续塑造后代？与今天的景观相互作用。这种方法的优点是，它提供了口述历史和档案资料？这在历史考古学中通常被视为平行或比较-对材料数据集的分析考虑。与此同时，该项目进一步加强了与兰乔·基乌伊奇的后裔社区Xobenhaltun的持续合作关系，他们通过使用该遗址的墓地保持联系。具体而言，社区成员将作为顾问和贡献者参与该项目，以记录他们在兰乔·基乌伊奇的经历。让后裔社区参与以其母语进行的关于其过去的对话，可以使各社区更有意义地参与考古进程。此外，这项研究提供了现场，实验室和口述历史的研究生和本科人类学学生志愿者的培训。

This project explores indigenous Yucatec Maya responses to and experiences of Colonial and Republican rule, and the variability of social and economic organization beyond the hacienda. The majority of archaeological investigations in Yucatán, México have highlighted Pre-Columbian Maya sites and Colonial haciendas. By contrast the relationships between indigenous landowners (caciques) and their subject populations on sites of more modest architectural scale, such as ranchos, has been understudied from an archaeological perspective. Morgan-Smith's research examines landowner-laborer relationships among Maya-speakers on the cusp of historical political shifts, addressing the critical issue of how socioeconomic status and tenancy on indigenous-owned landed estates factor into household abandonment, and relationships with sites of oppression in the present. The processes involved in landowner-worker interactions continue in many regions of the world today and this research thus has current relevance. Within this context, this research addresses the following broader questions: How are social and economic relationships between the landowners and laborers materialized in household contexts? How do differential patterns of tenancy and inequality inform the understanding of debt peonage on indigenous-owned landed estates? The proposed research is designed to address gaps in the current literature on household abandonment and the nascent field of Yucatec historical archaeology using a mixed-methods approach.Morgan-Smith's archaeological research explores the material expression of household abandonment from Rancho Kiuic, a rural 18th- 20th century landed estate in the Puuc region of Yucatán, México. Occupied by generations of Maya-speaking landowners and laborers through the late-Colonial and Republican eras. The Rancho represents a site type with that has seen little archaeological or ethnohistoric investigation. Using household-level excavation data, oral histories of the descendant community, and archival research, this project examines the relationships between the Rancho?s owners and the laboring population through house-lot abandonment contexts. Archaeological excavation will establish occupation lengths within, and material inequities between, house-lots of the landowning and laboring families. Oral history interviews and archival research will be employed to identify resources, opportunities, and historical processes that may have drawn the population to or away from the Rancho. Using network analysis, the resulting archaeological, archival, and oral history data will be evaluated to understand how complex socioeconomic relationships impacted decisions to leave the community, produced the material manifestations of household abandonment, and continue to shape the descendants? interactions with the landscape today. The advantage of this approach is that it gives the oral history and archival data ? which are often treated as parallel or comparative in historical archaeology - the analytical consideration of material data sets. At the same time, this project furthers ongoing collaborative relationships with the descendant community Xobenhaltun, of Rancho Kiuic, who maintain their ties through use of the site's cemetery. Specifically, community members will participate in the project as consultants and contributors to histories of their experiences at Rancho Kiuic. Involving the descendant community in dialogue about their pasts in their native language permits more meaningful engagement with communities in the archaeological process. Furthermore, this research provides field, lab, and oral history training for both graduate and undergraduate Anthropology student volunteers.