Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Mobility As A Response To Social And Economic Factors

这个项目探讨了土著尤卡坦玛雅人对殖民和共和统治的反应和经历，以及庄园之外的社会和经济组织的可变性。在Yucatán， m<s:1> xico的大多数考古调查都强调了前哥伦布时期的玛雅遗址和殖民地庄园。相比之下，从考古学的角度来看，土著土地所有者（酋长）和他们的臣民之间的关系在更适度的建筑规模上，如牧场，已经得到了充分的研究。摩根-史密斯的研究考察了处于历史政治变迁前沿的玛雅语使用者之间的地主-劳动者关系，解决了社会经济地位和土著拥有的土地上的租赁如何影响家庭遗弃的关键问题，以及与当前压迫地点的关系。在当今世界许多地区，土地-工人相互作用所涉及的过程仍在继续，因此本研究具有当前的相关性。在此背景下，本研究解决了以下更广泛的问题：土地所有者和劳动者之间的社会和经济关系如何在家庭背景下具体化？租赁和不平等的不同模式如何影响对土著拥有的土地上的债务劳役的理解？拟议的研究旨在利用混合方法解决目前关于家庭遗弃和尤卡坦历史考古学新兴领域的文献差距。Morgan-Smith的考古研究探索了来自Rancho Kiuic的家庭遗弃的材料表达，Rancho Kiuic是一个18 - 20世纪的农村土地庄园，位于Yucatán， mamexico的Puuc地区。在殖民地晚期和共和时期，被几代讲玛雅语的地主和工人所占领。牧场代表了一种遗址类型，很少有考古或民族历史调查。利用家庭层面的挖掘数据、后裔社区的口述历史和档案研究，该项目研究了兰乔？土地弃置情境下的业主与劳动人口。考古发掘将确定土地所有者和劳动家庭的住宅用地的占用长度和物质上的不平等。口述历史访谈和档案研究将被用来确定资源、机会和历史进程，这些资源、机会和历史进程可能会吸引人们来到或离开牧场。使用网络分析，由此产生的考古、档案和口述历史数据将被评估，以了解复杂的社会经济关系如何影响离开社区的决定，产生家庭遗弃的物质表现，并继续塑造后代。今天与景观的互动。这种方法的优点是它提供了口述历史和档案数据。它们在历史考古学中通常被视为平行或比较-对材料数据集的分析性考虑。与此同时，该项目进一步加强了与Rancho Kiuic的后裔社区Xobenhaltun的合作关系，他们通过使用该遗址的墓地来保持他们的联系。具体来说，社区成员将以顾问和贡献者的身份参与该项目，讲述他们在Rancho Kiuic的经历。让后裔社区用他们的母语就他们的过去进行对话，可以在考古过程中与社区进行更有意义的接触。此外，本研究为人类学研究生和本科生志愿者提供实地、实验室和口述历史培训。

This project explores indigenous Yucatec Maya responses to and experiences of Colonial and Republican rule, and the variability of social and economic organization beyond the hacienda. The majority of archaeological investigations in Yucatán, México have highlighted Pre-Columbian Maya sites and Colonial haciendas. By contrast the relationships between indigenous landowners (caciques) and their subject populations on sites of more modest architectural scale, such as ranchos, has been understudied from an archaeological perspective. Morgan-Smith's research examines landowner-laborer relationships among Maya-speakers on the cusp of historical political shifts, addressing the critical issue of how socioeconomic status and tenancy on indigenous-owned landed estates factor into household abandonment, and relationships with sites of oppression in the present. The processes involved in landowner-worker interactions continue in many regions of the world today and this research thus has current relevance. Within this context, this research addresses the following broader questions: How are social and economic relationships between the landowners and laborers materialized in household contexts? How do differential patterns of tenancy and inequality inform the understanding of debt peonage on indigenous-owned landed estates? The proposed research is designed to address gaps in the current literature on household abandonment and the nascent field of Yucatec historical archaeology using a mixed-methods approach.Morgan-Smith's archaeological research explores the material expression of household abandonment from Rancho Kiuic, a rural 18th- 20th century landed estate in the Puuc region of Yucatán, México. Occupied by generations of Maya-speaking landowners and laborers through the late-Colonial and Republican eras. The Rancho represents a site type with that has seen little archaeological or ethnohistoric investigation. Using household-level excavation data, oral histories of the descendant community, and archival research, this project examines the relationships between the Rancho?s owners and the laboring population through house-lot abandonment contexts. Archaeological excavation will establish occupation lengths within, and material inequities between, house-lots of the landowning and laboring families. Oral history interviews and archival research will be employed to identify resources, opportunities, and historical processes that may have drawn the population to or away from the Rancho. Using network analysis, the resulting archaeological, archival, and oral history data will be evaluated to understand how complex socioeconomic relationships impacted decisions to leave the community, produced the material manifestations of household abandonment, and continue to shape the descendants? interactions with the landscape today. The advantage of this approach is that it gives the oral history and archival data ? which are often treated as parallel or comparative in historical archaeology - the analytical consideration of material data sets. At the same time, this project furthers ongoing collaborative relationships with the descendant community Xobenhaltun, of Rancho Kiuic, who maintain their ties through use of the site's cemetery. Specifically, community members will participate in the project as consultants and contributors to histories of their experiences at Rancho Kiuic. Involving the descendant community in dialogue about their pasts in their native language permits more meaningful engagement with communities in the archaeological process. Furthermore, this research provides field, lab, and oral history training for both graduate and undergraduate Anthropology student volunteers.