Hadza Foraging, Food-Sharing, and Family Formation, Part 2

该项目继续对世界上仅存的狩猎采集社会之一进行纵向研究。行为生态学家沿着来自哈佛大学和坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆大学的人类学研究生正在观察四个游牧营地中的大约160名哈扎人。研究人员正在收集有关觅食活动，食物消费和分享模式，男性和女性觅食者之间的劳动分工以及儿童健康和生存的数据。一个特别的研究重点是女性活动的能量成本以及她们从他人那里获得的帮助，特别是在她们生育年龄期间。人们发现，妇女主要负责自己和子女的生计。男子提供的食物与整个群体广泛分享，而妇女的食物则由她们自己和子女食用。研究人员想看看这种一般模式是否会变化，以及这种变化是否会影响儿童的生存率。有些男人比其他男人为家人提供更多的食物吗？这是否取决于孩子的年龄？这样的人的孩子更有可能生存吗？这些问题的答案将帮助我们理解男性供给对儿童死亡率、断奶时间和生育率的好处。更一般地说，这些知识将进一步我们的成本和人类配对债券的好处和自然条件下的人类健康的参数的理解。通过支持学生在扩展领域的设置，该项目还结合了教育和研究。

This project continues longitudinal research on one of the world's last remaining hunter-gatherer societies. About 160 Hadza in four nomadic camps are being observed by a behavioral ecologist, along with anthropology graduate students from Harvard and the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The researchers are collecting data on foraging activities, food consumption and sharing patterns, the division of labor between male and female foragers, and child health and survivorship. A special research focus is the energetic costs of female activities and the amount of help they get from others, particularly during their childbearing years. It has been found that women are primarily responsible for the subsistence of themselves and their children. The foods that men provide are shared widely with the group as a whole, while women's foods are eaten by themselves and their children. The researchers want to see if this general pattern varies and if the variation affects child survivorship. Do some men provide more food to their families than other men? Does this vary depending on the age of the children? Are the children of such men more likely to survive? The answers to these questions will help us understand the benefits of men's provisioning on child mortality, time to weaning, and fertility. More generally, this knowledge will further our understanding of the costs and benefits of human pair bonding and the parameters of human health under naturalistic conditions. By supporting students in extended field settings, the project also combines education and research.