Doctoral Dissertation Research: Co-management in the Pyrenees: Natura 2000 and Basque Common Property Management

在当前的“灭绝危机”中，许多人开始将生物多样性视为属于世界人民的全球遗产。虽然大多数人都同意有必要通过某种形式的保护来保护生物多样性，但学者和实践者却在保护努力的适当规模上争论不休。一些人提倡以社区为基础的倡议，因为当地人了解并关心他们所依赖的资源，而另一些人则认为，只有确保栖息地代表性和连通性的大规模区域、国家和跨国方法才能有效。本文的研究将考察小规模管理系统与大规模生态网络的合并，以确定如何将小规模和大规模方案结合起来，以实现更有效、公正和公平的保护。这项工作将检查目前在苏勒巴斯克省（法国阿基坦区）实施的共同财产管理系统与欧盟栖息地指令的交集，该指令正在实施中，以创建Natura 2000网络。研究人员将使用结构化访谈和社会网络分析来调查巴斯克牧羊人正在与法国和欧盟官员合作制定新的公共牧场管理计划时出现的合作管理过程。这项研究将有助于推进关于共同财产不断变化和嵌入大型社会和政治网络的理论，并有助于测试分析政府和地方用户群体之间合作管理的新方法。通过帮助我们理解合作管理的特征如何与过程中参与者的满意度相关联，本研究还将帮助保护从业者制定更有可能建立保护选区的项目，从而更有效。该项目还将提高在决策中代表性不足的法国巴斯克人的知名度。

In the current "extinction crisis" many are beginning to view biodiversity as a global heritage belonging to the people of the world. Though most people agree on the need to protect that biodiversity with some form of conservation, scholars and practitioners argue heatedly about the appropriate scale for conservation efforts. While some promote community-based initiatives because locals know and care about resources on which they depend, others believe that only large-scale regional, national, and transnational approaches that ensure habitat representation and connectivity can be effective. This dissertation research will examine the merger of a small-scale management system with a large-scale ecological network to determine how small- and large-scale schemes might be combined for conservation that is more effective, just, and equitable. This work will examine the intersection of the common property management system currently in place in the Basque province of Soule (District of Aquitaine, France) and the European Union's Habitats Directive as it is being implemented to create the Natura 2000 network. The researcher will use structured interviews and social network analysis to investigate the cooperative management process that is emerging as Basque shepherds are working with French and European Union officials to craft new management plans for communal pasture lands. This research will contribute to advancing theory regarding common property as ever-changing and embedded in large social and political networks and to testing new methods for analyzing cooperative management between governments and local user groups. By contributing to our understanding of how features of cooperative management correlate with the satisfaction of participants in the process, this research will also help conservation practitioners craft projects that are more likely to build constituencies for conservation and thus be more effective. The project will also increase the visibility of French Basques, an under-represented group in policy-making.