Collaborative Research: CRI: An Open Linguistic Infrastructure for American English

该项目支持对计算语言学的研究，计划用开放的语言基础设施加强美国国家语料库(ANC)，为ANC的一部分增加多个手动和自动注释，并将通过项目网站以通用的XML数据格式免费提供这些注释。设想了以下活动：-纳入来自自由存在的工具的自动注释，映射到ANC XML格式语言，-10兆瓦黄金标准语料库的句法和命名实体注释，带有部分手动注释，-对黄金标准语料库的一部分进行手工更正的自动WordNet和FrameNet注释，-通过试验机器学习技术增强自动注释性能，以及-开发供用户下载上述注释并上载ANC的新注释的网络界面。这项工作描述了对所开发的资源和工具进行内部和外部评估的方法，计划创建一个丰富的、多个注释的多样化自然语言语料库，以及访问它的工具。整个项目将是这种努力的第一次大规模执行，开发1亿个单词的ANC，并提供1000万个单词的子集，用WordNet(WN)和FrameNet(FN)中的语法、命名实体和语义类别进行注释。带注释的数据将从不同类型的文本中进行平衡。规划奖的活动之一是协调非国大、WN和FN这三个资源，并最大限度地利用它们各自的优势。另一项是继续发展非国语国家语言中心，增加了广泛的语言注释，将成为国家语言学界语言处理研究和应用的资源。规划项目开展了以下活动：-创建和注释WN意义和FN框架，-规划会议，-进一步研究以增强自动注释的方法和软件的实验，以及-扩展到美国计算语言学界。广泛影响：这项工作的全面完成将通过为美国英语创建一个全面的语言基础设施来进一步加强ANC。大量注释丰富的美式英语语料库的可获得性在多个层面和多个领域产生了影响，包括计算语言学和自然语言处理、语料库语言学、跨语言研究、方言研究、语言习得以及为英语语言学生和教师培训开发材料。

This project, supporting research into computational linguistics, plans the enhancing of the American National Corpus (ANC) with an open linguistic infrastructure that will add multiple manual and automatic annotations to a portion of ANC and will provide free access to these annotations in a common XML data format via a project website. The following activities are envisioned:-Incorporation of automatic annotations derived from freely existing tools, mapped into the ANC XML format language,-Syntactic and named entity annotations of a 10Mw gold standard corpus, with partial manual annotation,-Hand-corrected automatic WordNet and FrameNet annotation for a portion of the gold standard corpus,-Enhancement of automatic annotation performance via experimentation with machine learning techniques, and-Development of a web interface for users to download above annotations, and to upload new annotation of ANC.This work, describing methods for internal and external evaluation of the resources and tools developed, plans to create a richly, multiple annotated diverse corpus of natural language, and tools to access it. The full project would be the first large-scale execution of such effort, developing a 100 million word ANC and providing a 10-million word subset, annotated with syntax, named entities, and semantic categories in WordNet (WN) and FrameNet (FN). The annotated data will be balanced from different genres of text. One of the activities of the planning award consists in harmonizing all three resources, ANC, WN, and FN, and maximally exploiting their respective strengths. The other involves the continued development of the ANC, which, with the addition of a wide range of linguistic annotations, will serve as a resource for language processing research and applications for the NLP community. The planning project undertakes the following activities:-Creation and annotation of WN senses and FN frames,-Planning meetings, -Further research into experimentation with methods and software to enhance automatic annotation, and-Outreach to the US computational linguistics community.Broader Impact: Full completion of this work will further enhance the ANC by creating a comprehensive linguistic infrastructur for American English. The availability of a massive, richly annotated corpus of American English has impacts at many levels and across several areas, including computational linguistics and natural language processing, corpus linguistics, cross-linguistic studies, dialect studies, language acquisition, and materials development for both English language students and teacher training.