Collective Phases of Two-Dimensional Electronic Matter

* 非技术摘要 * 凝聚态物理学研究大量非常强相互作用粒子的性质。 值得注意的事实是，这种多粒子系统所表现出的现象通常是无法预测的，即使单个组成粒子的性质已经非常清楚。 用现代的说法，凝聚态物质的奇异和令人惊叹的方面（例如超导性）不知何故“出现”于大量基本粒子看似绝望的复杂运动。 因此，整体确实远远超过其部分的总和。 这项个人研究者奖将支持对这一问题的研究。 虽然重点将是在先进的半导体结构中发生的电子现象，有密切的联系，以高科技，要解决的智力问题有更广泛的意义。 除了推进强相互作用凝聚态知识的前沿，这项工作将直接有助于教育和培训负责其执行的研究生和博士后。 此外，该奖项还将有助于提高国家在高技术重要领域的竞争力。技术摘要 * 该个人研究者奖支持对低维结构中强关联电子系统基本性质的实验研究。 该研究计划有三个主要重点。 首先，在最近发现的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的双层电子系统中的激子是否存在超流性的问题将得到解决。 第二，核磁共振技术将被用来揭示各种奇异的相关电子相的自旋结构，包括在单壁碳纳米管。 最后，电子相关现象将通过测量热力学压缩性在平衡状态下进行检查。 这些领域中的每一个都是重大发现的时机。 实验工作将几乎完全由研究生和博士后科学家进行。 因此，这一项目直接促进了他们的教育和培训，并间接提高了国家在高技术重要领域的竞争力。

*****NON-TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****Condensed matter physics deals with the properties of large numbers of very strongly interacting particles. The remarkable fact is that the phenomena exhibited by such many-particle systems usually cannot be predicted, even though the properties of the individual constituent particles are extremely well understood. In modern parlance, the bizarre and often stunning aspects of condensed matter (e.g. superconductivity) somehow "emerge" from the seemingly hopelessly complex motion of vast numbers of elementary particles. Thus indeed, the whole is very much more than the sum of its parts. This individual investigator award will support research on precisely this issue of emergence. While the focus will be on electronic phenomena occurring in advanced semiconductor structures which have close connections to high technology, the intellectual questions to be addressed have a broader significance. In addition to advancing the frontier of knowledge of strongly interacting condensed matter, this work will directly contribute to the education and training of the graduate students and postdocs responsible for its execution. By extension, this award will also contribute to the larger goal of enhancing the national competitiveness in important areas of high technology.*****TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****This individual investigator award supports experimental research on the fundamental properties of strongly correlated electron systems in low dimensional structures. The research program has three main foci. First, the question of whether superfluidity exists in the recently discovered Bose-Einstein condensate of excitons in double layer electron systems will be addressed. Second, nuclear magnetic resonance techniques will be employed to uncover the spin structure of various exotic correlated electron phases, including that in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Finally, electronic correlation phenomena will be examined in equilibrium via measurements of the thermodynamic compressibility. Each of these areas is ripe for significant discoveries. The experimental work will be performed almost exclusively by graduate students and postdoctoral scientists. As such, this project contributes very directly to their education and training and indirectly to the national competitiveness in important areas of high technology.