Performance Evaluation of Tall Buildings Under Winds: From Predictive Methods to Laboratory and Full-Scale Measurements

摘要：尽管高层建筑在世界各地普遍存在，但在NIST NcStar 1，WTC调查最近提出建议之前，与这些细长、灵活的结构设计相关的问题可能没有得到更广泛的结构工程界的充分重视。特别是，这些结构受一组独特的设计极限状态的支配，这些极限状态不仅包括生存性和适用性，而且还包括宜居性，这些都必须在日益复杂的风环境中得到满足。事实上，尽管这些结构的性能影响到大量人的安全和舒适度，但它们的设计仍然基于分析和比例模型，而在芝加哥最近建立了一个多方面的国际团队来解决这个问题之前，这些模型并没有得到全面的系统验证。该团队将与美国国家标准与技术研究院S建筑与火灾研究实验室(BFRL)合作，领导这项拟议的研究，以芝加哥目前的努力为基础，扩大所研究的结构系统和材料类型的集合，同时引入与屋顶风速计相关的计算模型，以捕获城市环境中的风场特征，以帮助全面验证高层建筑设计中的预测。拟议的研究不仅将提供与这种相关性有关的实质性信息，并为未来预测技术的发展创造一个重要场所，而且更重要的是，它将提供一个独特的基础设施，以回应NIST NcStar 1第1组的建议。该响应包括以下目标：(1)开发和安装先进的网络仪器；(2)估计建筑漂移和加速；(3)开发和验证计算风场模型；(4)使用全尺寸数据验证性能；以及(5)为建筑漂移和加速极限状态制定建议。

Abstract: Despite the prevalence of high-rise developments worldwide, issues associated with the design of these oftentimes slender, flexible structures were perhaps not fully underscored to the wider Structural Engineering community prior to the recent recommendations of the NIST NCSTAR 1, WTC Investigation. In particular, these structures are governed by a unique set of design limit states that encompass not only survivability and serviceability but also habitability, which all must be satisfied in increasingly complex wind environments. In fact, even though the performance of these structures affects the safety and comfort of a large number of people, their design continues to be based on analytical and scaled models that were not systematically validated in full-scale prior to a monitoring program instituted recently in the City of Chicago, which established a multi-faceted, international team to address the problem. This team, in concert with NIST?s Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL), will lead the proposed study, building upon the current efforts in Chicago to expand the collection of structural systems and material types studied, while introducing computational models correlated with rooftop anemometers to capture wind field characteristics over urban environments, to aid in the full-scale validation of predictions made in the design of tall buildings. Not only will the proposed study provide substantive information with respect to this correlation and create an important venue for the development of future prediction techniques, but also more importantly it will provide a unique infrastructure to respond to the NIST NCSTAR 1 Group 1 Recommendations. This response encompasses the following objectives: (1) Develop & Install Advanced Networked Instrumentation; (2) Estimate Building Drift & Acceleration; (3) Develop & Validate a Computational Wind Field Model; (4) Validate Performance Using Full-Scale Data; and (5) Develop Recommendations for Building Drift & Acceleration Limit States.