Theory and Source-Modeling of Gravitational Waves and Quantum-Optical Noise in Advanced Detectors

该奖项支持一项理论计划：(1)对天体物理源（特别是致密双星和宇宙源）发出的引力波信号进行精确预测；(2)利用这些预测设计可靠的模板，并将其用于LIGO探测器的引力波搜索；(3)探索和设想未来GW探测器在标准量子极限及以下工作的新光学结构。广义相对论的研究将使用后牛顿技术来更准确地预测进动、旋转和偏心紧致双星的动力学和GW信号。在LIGO实验与理论的接口上，现象学与数据分析的研究将利用广义相对论研究的结果来实现和测试（用实际数据）现象学和物理模板的性能，研究紧凑双星的参数估计，开发旋转进动双星、偏心双星和低质量x射线双星的数据分析算法。它还将调查LIGO和高级LIGO对早期宇宙引力波的可及性。LIGO实验与高精度测量理论相结合的研究将研究影响LIGO探测器的噪声源，并提出控制或绕过噪声源的技术。主要噪声源和研究方法有：先进LIGO信号回收腔内的光损耗；信号回收干涉仪的光力学不稳定性，先进LIGO和未来引力波探测器中的量子光学噪声，量子控制理论和量子不破坏技术。支持研究的主要目标是帮助激光干涉仪引力波天文台（LIGO）成功探测引力波。这项研究将对LIGO探测引力波产生影响，提高从观测到的引力波中提取引力波携带的独特信息的能力，测试广义相对论的基本方程，并通过为越来越多的敏感探测器提供设计，推动该领域向GW天文学发展。此外，该研究将通过支持研究生和博士后来培养年轻的理论物理学家。

This award supports a theoretical program (i) to make precise predictions of the gravitational wave signal emitted by astrophysical sources, notably compact binaries, and cosmological sources, (ii) to use these predictions to design reliable templates and employ them for the search of gravitational waves with LIGO detectors and (iii) to explore and conceive new optical configurations of future GW detectors operating at and below the standard quantum limit.The research in general relativity will use post-Newtonian techniques to predict more accurately the dynamics and the GW signals for precessing, spinning, and eccentric compact binaries. The research in phenomenology and data-analysis, at the interface between LIGO experiment and theory, will use results from the general relativistic research to implement and test (with real data) the performance of phenomenological and physical templates, study the estimation of parameters for compact binaries, develop data analysis algorithms for spinning precessing binaries, eccentric binaries and low-mass X-ray binaries. It will also investigate the accessibility of LIGO andAdvanced LIGO to gravitational waves from the early Universe. The research at the interface between the LIGO experiment and high-precision measurement theory will study noise sources that affect LIGO detectors and propose techniques to control or go around them. The major sources of noise and methods to be investigated are: optical losses in signal-recycling cavity for Advanced LIGO; opto-mechanical instability in signal-recycled interferometers, quantum-optical noise in Advanced LIGO and future gravitational wave detectors and quantum control theory and quantumnon-demolition techniques.The main goal of the supported research is to help the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) to succeed in detecting gravitational waves. The research will have an impact on detecting gravitational waves with LIGO, improve the ability to extract from observed waves unique information that the waves carry, test fundamental equations of general relativity and, by providing designs for more and more sensitive detectors, contribute in driving the field toward GW astronomy. In addition, the research will train young theoretical physicists through support forgraduate students and postdocs.