Experimental Petrology of Planetary Materials

这个项目的总体目标是了解行星的构成和演化。在它们的历史中，行星被广泛地化学处理，每个行星都有独特的差异。实验室实验用于研究那些被认为是负责特定处理效果的液体和固体过程的物理化学。 压力是行星内部实验研究的一个重要维度。行星分异的主要表现是核幔分离。地核和地幔在分离后继续化学相互作用的方式取决于非金属在液态外核中的溶解度，以及地核-地幔界面的物理化学。该项目将利用先进光源/劳伦斯伯克利实验室以团队模式开发的设备，这将使研究人员无法在确定非常高压力下液态铁中非金属溶解度方面取得重大进展。微量元素在内核、外核和地幔之间的分配是行星进化过程的有用示踪剂。压力变化的微量元素分配往往是模糊的，因为压力通常不是一个独立的变量在平衡系统。该项目的目标之一将是利用Fe-FeS模型系统的物理化学中的有利机会来消除一些这种模糊性，首先是Mo和W，这是一种元素对，它们的行为特别令人讨厌和无法解释的对比，包括它们的明显压力变化。另一项任务将是探索压力对石榴石固溶体的影响，因为石榴石是可熔成分的重要储存库，这些成分在地幔深部部分熔融时形成玄武岩-这是行星分化中最重要的活动。

The general aim of this project is to understand planetary constitution and evolution. Throughout their history, planets are extensively processed chemically and each is uniquely differentiated. Laboratory experiments are used to investigate the physical chemistry of those liquid and solid-state processes thought to be responsible for particular processing effects. Pressure is an important dimension in experimental studies of planetary interiors. The major expression of planetary differentiation is the separation of core and mantle. The means by which the core and mantle continue to interact chemically after their separation depends, among other things, on the solubility of nonmetals in the liquid outer core, and the physical chemistry of the core-mantle interface. This project will make use of equipment developed in team mode at the Advanced Light Source/Lawrence Berkeley Lab, that will unable the investigators to make significant progress in determining nonmetal solubility in liquid Fe at a very high pressure.The partitioning of trace elements among inner core, outer core, and mantle is a useful tracer of the planetary evolutionary process. Pressure variations of trace element partitioning are often obscure because pressure is not usually an independent variable in an equilibrium system. One of the goals of the project will be to exploit a favorable opportunity in the physical chemistry of the model system Fe-FeS to dispel some of this obscurity, initially for Mo and W, an element pair with particularly irksome and unexplained contrasts in their behavior including their apparent pressure variations.The prevalence of solutions among minerals of planetary interiors makes the rules of solution behavior a subject of importance. Another task to be undertaken will be to explore the effects of pressure on garnet solid solutions, as garnets are important repositories of fusible components that contribute to basalt upon deep partial melting in the Earth's mantle - a most important activity in planetary differentiation.