Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Evolution of Maritime Archaic Household in Northern Labrador

在大卫梅尔泽和托本里克博士的监督下，克里斯托弗沃尔夫将分析他在位于萨格列克湾以南的北方拉布拉多的白色角的海洋考古遗址进行考古研究期间收集的数据。白色点包含海洋生物活动的证据，可以追溯到该地区出现的时间，约。6000-6500 B.P.他们的失踪，CA。3500 B. P.在这段时间里，海洋遗址和组合变得更加社会和文化复杂，表现在他们越来越精致的太平间存款，专业化的狩猎技术，以及从小型个体木棚屋到大型长屋的转变。本研究将通过研究多个时期的几个小棚屋和长屋的建筑和空间模式，重点关注海洋生态家庭组织的这些变化方面。这些房子的检查是重要的，以了解结构和性质的海洋生态社会。它使研究人员能够获得有关家庭结构和规模的信息，以及这些家庭如何融入和反映更广泛的社会。在一个日益复杂的狩猎采集社会，如海洋生物，这样的检查将有助于我们了解家庭结构和功能之间的关系，更广泛的社会变化，包括社区居住模式的重组。例如，当家庭开始在更大的群体中生活时，他们是否以不同的方式组织他们住所的内部？如果是这样，新的模式是否反映了社会地位、劳动分工和/或专门活动领域的发展的变化。或者，它们是对环境变化的适应，如气候、资源或群体互动？很可能，任何发展都是对多种变量的反应。如果家庭或社区组织没有发生重大变化，而只是从居住在原子式住宅单元中转变为形成长屋的连接单元，那么它可能表明社会复杂性仅限于家庭间的生存合作，仪式，和/或分享信息和配偶，并没有延伸到永久的社会分化。本研究将集中评估各种文化和环境因素对拉布拉多半岛北方的海上狩猎家庭和社会的相对影响，通过出版物和演示文稿提供数据，将增强对家庭规模上日益增加的社会和文化复杂性对狩猎采集者的影响的认识，从而产生更广泛的影响。除了海洋考古学，这项研究将提供一个比较数据库，以研究其他地区的复杂性，特别是在太平间存款和民族历史帐户是不可用的研究人员。这项研究还将审查环境条件对家庭和社区组织的相对影响，为研究人员和今天在北方社会工作和生活并正在处理其环境重大变化的人们提供有用的历史和比较数据。最后，该项目将与地区团体合作，雇用当地的因纽特人学生，并向北方拉布拉多附近的社区展示其调查结果，帮助他们更多地了解本地区的历史。

Under the supervision of Drs. David Meltzer and Torben Rick, Christopher Wolff will analyze data gathered during his archaeological research at Maritime Archaic sites at White Point, located in northern Labrador just south of Saglek Bay. White Point contains evidence of Maritime Archaic activity dating from the time of appearance in the region, ca. 6000-6500 B.P., to their disappearance, ca. 3500 B.P. Throughout this time Maritime Archaic sites and assemblages became more socially and culturally complex, demonstrated in their increasingly elaborate mortuary deposits, specialized hunting technology, and a shift from small individual pithouses to large longhouses. This research will focus on these changing aspects of Maritime Archaic household organization by examining the architecture and spatial patterning of several small pithouses and longhouses from multiple time periods. An examination of these houses is important to understanding the structure and nature of Maritime Archaic society. It allows researchers to gain information about family structure and size, and how those families integrated into and reflected broader society. In an increasingly complex hunter-gatherer society like the Maritime Archaic, such an examination will help us understand the relationships between household structure and function and broader societal changes, including the reorganization of community residential patterning. For instance, did households organize the interiors of their residences differently as they began to live in larger groups? If so, did the new patterns reflect changes in social status, the division of labor, and/or the development of specialized activity areas. Or, alternatively, were they adaptations to environmental changes, such as climate, resources, or group interaction? It is probable that any developments were responses to multiple variables. If there were no significant changes in household or community organization beyond shifting from living in atomistic residential units to connected units that formed longhouses, then it may suggest that social complexity was limited to interhousehold cooperation for subsistence, ritual, and/or the sharing of information and mates, and did not extend to permanent social differentiation. This research will concentrate on assessing the relative influences that various cultural and environmental factors had on Maritime Archaic households and society in northern Labrador.This project will have a broader impact by providing data, through publications and presentations, that will enhance knowledge on the effects of increasing social and cultural complexity on hunter-gatherers at the household scale. Beyond the Maritime Archaic, this research will provide a comparative database with which to examine complexity in other regions, particularly where mortuary deposits and ethnohistoric accounts are unavailable to researchers. This research will also examine the relative influence that environmental conditions have on household and community organization, providing useful historical and comparative data for researchers and people who work and live in northern societies today and are dealing with significant changes in their environments. Finally, this project will work with regional groups by hiring local Inuit students and presenting its findings to nearby communities in northern Labrador to help inform them more about the history of their region.