SGER-Rapid Assessment of the Expression of Insect FXPRLamides in Copepods and White Shrimp Using Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot Analysis

摘要：应用免疫组织化学和免疫印迹分析技术研究水产桡足类和白对虾中的昆虫神经肽PI：Williams，J.在水生生态系统中，桡足类是数量最多的优势生物，具有重要的生态学意义，是捕食者/猎物营养系统中的关键环节。在陆地上，与桡足类动物相对应的是昆虫，而桡足类动物通常被称为“海洋昆虫”。关于昆虫的生理途径有大量的信息，但对桡足类的生理学知之甚少。这项建议要检验的中心假设是，基于桡足类和昆虫拥有相似的生活史策略的知识，很可能这两个类群的控制机制，即神经激素和神经肽也可能相似。在这项研究中，FXPRLamide家族的免疫反应性将在淡水桡足类(Cyclopps sp.)、河口桡足类(Acartia sp.)幼体和成体阶段进行测试。和商品白虾(LitOpenaeus Setiferus)。这个神经肽家族是一个很有特点的家族，它在昆虫中产生控制信息素产生、黑化、肌变活性、羽化和滞育的神经肽，并可能在桡足类动物中产生多种作用。初步数据表明，一种信息素合成激素在昆虫、桡足类、蚂蚁、蜜蜂和洞穴虾中表达。确定水生甲壳动物是否表达与昆虫相同的神经肽是很重要的，因为目前正在开发FXPRlamide家族神经肽PBAN(信息素生物合成激活神经肽)的拮抗剂来改变或抑制昆虫的发育。如果昆虫神经肽具有影响水生甲壳类动物种群的潜力，那么使用昆虫神经肽进行昆虫控制有可能成为一个严重的环境问题，因为喷洒用于害虫控制的化学品可能最终进入水生生态系统。该项目将为确定这些重要的神经肽在水生甲壳类不同生活史阶段的存在和活性水平，以及昆虫神经肽的拮抗剂是否会影响它们的发育和生存提供重要的第一步。

AbstractTitle: Investigation of Insect Neuropeptides in Aquatic Copepods and White Shrimp using Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot AnalysisPI: Williams, J.In aquatic ecosystems, copepods are the most numerically dominant organisms, are ecologically significant, and are a key link in predator/prey trophic system. The terrestrial counterparts to copepods are insects and copepods have often been called the 'insects of the sea'. Extensive information exists on physiological pathways in insects, but little is known about copepod physiology. The central hypothesis to be tested in this proposal is that based on the knowledge that copepods and insects share similar life history strategies; it is likely that the controlling mechanism, that is the neurohormones and neuropeptides, also may be similar among these two taxa. In this study immunoreactivity of the 'insect neuropeptide' family, the FXPRLamides, will be tested in juvenile and adult stages of a freshwater copepod (Cyclops sp.), an estuarine copepod (Acartia sp.) and the commercial white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus). This neuropeptide family is a well-characterized group, which is important to producing neuropeptides controlling pheromone production, melanization, myotropic activity, pupariation and diapause in insects and may expected to have multiple effects in copepods as well. Preliminary data suggest that a pheromone synthesizing hormone is expressed in insects, copepods, ants, honeybees and a burrowing shrimp. It is important to determine if aquatic crustacea express the same neuropeptides as insects because antagonists to PBAN (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide), one of the neuropeptides of the FXPRLamide family, are presently being developed to alter or inhibit the development of insect pests. If insect neuropeptides have the potential of effecting aquatic crustacean population, then the use of insect neuropeptides for insect control has the potential of becoming a serious environmental problem, as chemicals sprayed for insect pest controls can end up in aquatic ecosystems. This project will provide an important first step in determining the presence and level of activity of these important neuropeptides in various life history stages of aquatic crustaceans and whether or not antagonists against insect neuropeptides may affect their development and survival.