SoD-TEAM: Longitudinal effects of Design in Open Source Projects.

设计决定了如何将系统分解为模块的逻辑集合。 模块化结构使劳动分工和知识分工成为可能，这决定了开发人员如何独立工作。 良好的设计还可以降低新开发人员的入门成本，并简化维护和进化活动。 对于开源项目来说，其生命线是志愿劳动力，设计可能会影响项目吸引和留住新开发人员的能力。 这些影响是纵向的（随着时间的推移），系统性的（在人工制品和社会结构），和不确定性。 开源系统本质上揭示了工件进化、社会结构和工件质量的全面的、时间序列的叙述。 因此，在开源项目中可以观察到设计的纵向效应。 在这个项目中，PI将在一系列不同的开源项目中对设计的纵向（长期）影响进行跨学科研究。 他将收集数据，分析数据，并测试假设，以阐明诸如工件的设计如何影响项目团队的结构和活动以及最终产品等问题。 以前的研究表明，随着时间的推移，设计会影响产品的质量，其建设中使用的社会结构，甚至对志愿者的吸引力。 对这些影响的研究包括分析大量不同的时间序列数据，以及使用来自不同学科的模型和理论，其中一些是软件工程之外的，PI和他的跨学科团队有很好的处理能力。更广泛的影响：开源和商业软件系统对经济和社会产生巨大的影响。 更好地理解开源系统背后的社会过程可以帮助改进软件工程实践，并在开源和商业环境中更快，更容易地开发更好的软件系统。 PI将在实践中应用他的发现，不仅在他的常规课堂上，而且还通过与当地高中合作建立一个新的倡议，旨在激发少数民族和女性学生更多地参与软件开发，特别是在开源社区。

Design determines how a system is decomposed into a logical collection of modules. Modular structure enables both division of labor and division of knowledge, which determine how independently developers can work. Good design can also lower the cost of entry for a new developer, and simplify maintenance and evolutionary activities. For open source projects, whose life-blood is voluntary labor, design can affect the ability of a project to attract and retain new developers. These effects are longitudinal (over time), systemic (both over artifact and social structure), and nondeterministic. Open source systems inherently expose comprehensive, time-series narratives of artifact evolution, social structure, and artifact quality. The longitudinal effects of design, therefore, are observable in open source projects. In this project, the PI will conduct an interdisciplinary study of the longitudinal (long-term) effects of design in a range of different open source projects. He will gather data, analyze it, and test hypotheses in order to shed light on issues such as, how the design of the artifact influenced the structure and activities of the project team, as well as the final product. Previous research suggests that design impacts, over time, both the qualities of the product, the social structure used in its construction, and even the appeal of the endeavor to volunteers. The study of these effects involves analysis of a large and varied collection of time-series data, and the use of models and theories from a variety of disciplines, some outside of software engineering, which the PI and his interdisciplinary team are well equipped to handle.Broader Impacts: Open source and commercial software systems have an enormous impact on the economy and society. An improved understanding of the social processes underlying open source systems could help improve software engineering practice, and lead to faster, easier development of better software systems, in both open source and commercial settings. The PI will apply his findings in practice, not just in his regular classrooms, but also through the establishment of a new initiative in partnership with a local high school intended to excite minority and female students about becoming more involved in software development, and in particular in open source communities.