Doctoral Dissertation Research: Sovereign Exclusions and States of Exception: US Immigration and Refugee Policy Towards Haiti

博士论文研究：主权排除和例外状态：美国对海地的移民和难民政策

• 批准号: 0616908
• 负责人: Jean Comaroff
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0616908&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Sovereign; Exclusions

AbstractThis project seeks to explore the relationship between nation-state sovereignty and practices of exclusion by addressing the recent history of Haitian detention camps on the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. The establishment of these camps on Guantanamo in the early 1990s (and their later dismantling) provides a unique window into the policing of sovereign nation-state borders for two primary reasons. First, the logic underlying the institutionalization of the camps relied on the creation of a space beyond nation-state legal regimes but subject to nation-state authority, permitting a mode of intervention unhindered by constitutional constraints. Second, among the many camps constructed on Guantanamo was the world's first HIV interment camp. The establishment of this quarantine camp in the anomalouszone of Guantanamo and the prolonged detention of itsresidents signaled a growing concern with protecting U.S.citizenries from what were perceived to be diseased populations. The intersection of Guantanamo's extra-legal status and the policing and exclusion of diseased Haitians in the camps make it a key site for understanding new forms of sovereign power and border regulation.Through media analysis, archival research, and collection of oral histories of camp survivors, staff, and visitors, this study will engage the following general questions. What were the tactical legal maneuvers that the U.S. government deployed in engineering this spatialization of exception from legal protections? How were such tactics of exclusion related to regulatory practices designed to fortify sovereign borders against what was perceived to be a potential infiltration of a healthy, normative public by disease-bearing bodies? What kind of experiences, subjectivities, and practices did such sovereign exclusions produce in the confinement of nonnormative subjects in the Guantanamo Naval Base? And finally, to what extent is the production of such "states of exception" a feature of sovereign power generally?In grappling with the aforementioned questions, this project will contribute to current debates in anthropology, law, sociology, and political philosophy on the relation between sovereignty, "states of exception," and the rule of law. By examining the specific case of U.S. detention of Haitians on the Guantanamo Bay Naval base, the research will shed light on policies of exclusion and the concrete regulatory practices that such policies engender at sites of sovereign intervention, e.g., borders, refugee camps, detention facilities. In so doing, this study attempts to better understand the history of U.S. immigration and refugee policy towards Haiti specifically and the contemporary intersection of law, public health, and policing in performing sovereign power more generally.Through an ethnographically rich historical investigation into the effects of legally institutionalized spaces of exception and border policing practices, this interdisciplinary project will illuminate the ways in which nation-states attempt to isolate and control disorder at the frontiers of sovereign territory. It relies on the narratives of individuals whose stories are normally the targets of state regulatory control and exclusion. By focusing on the experiences of the excluded and framing them in terms of detailed legal and political histories, the study will highlight the consequences of immigration and refugee policy decisions that rely on the retraction of legal protections from particular spaces and populations.

AbstractThis项目旨在探讨民族国家主权和排斥的做法之间的关系，通过解决在古巴关塔那摩湾海军基地的海地拘留营最近的历史。 20世纪90年代初在关塔那摩建立的这些营地（以及后来的拆除）为主权国家边界的警务提供了一个独特的窗口，主要原因有两个。 第一，难民营制度化的逻辑在于创造一个超越民族国家法律的政权但又服从民族国家权威的空间，允许不受宪法约束的干预模式。 第二，在关塔那摩建造的许多营地中，有一个是世界上第一个艾滋病毒埋葬营地。 在关塔那摩的危险区建立这个隔离营，并长期拘留其居民，标志着人们越来越关注保护美国公民免受被认为是患病人群的伤害。关塔那摩的法外地位和警务和排斥患病的海地人在营地的交叉点，使其成为了解新形式的主权权力和边境regulation.Through媒体分析，档案研究，并收集营地幸存者，工作人员和游客的口述历史，本研究将从事以下一般性问题。 美国政府在设计这种法律的保护例外的空间化时，采用了什么样的法律的策略？ 这种排斥策略与旨在巩固主权边界、防止被认为是健康、规范的公众受到疾病传播机构的潜在渗透的监管做法有何关系？ 在关塔那摩海军基地对非规范主体的限制中，这种主权排除产生了什么样的经验、主体性和实践？ 最后，这种“例外状态”的产生在多大程度上是主权国家的一般特征？在解决上述问题的过程中，本项目将有助于人类学、法学、社会学和政治哲学目前关于主权、“例外状态”和法治之间关系的辩论。 通过研究美国在关塔那摩湾海军基地拘留海地人的具体案例，这项研究将揭示排斥政策以及这种政策在主权干预地点产生的具体监管做法，例如，边境，难民营，拘留所 通过这样做，本研究试图更好地了解美国的历史移民和难民政策对海地具体和当代交叉的法律，公共卫生和警务在执行主权权力更普遍。通过民族丰富的历史调查的影响，法律制度化的空间例外和边境警务做法，这一跨学科项目将阐明民族国家试图孤立和控制主权领土边界混乱的方式。 它依赖于个人的叙述，他们的故事通常是国家监管控制和排斥的目标。 通过重点关注受排斥者的经历，并将其纳入详细的法律的和政治历史框架，研究报告将突出强调依赖于撤销对特定空间和人群的法律的保护的移民和难民政策决定的后果。