Collaborative Research: Primary Elections for U.S. State and Federal Offices: A Comprehensive Database and Analysis

合作研究：美国州和联邦办公室初选：综合数据库和分析

• 批准号: 0617556
• 负责人: Shigeo Hirano
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0617556&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Primary; Elections; U.S.

The emergence of the primary election process during the 20th Century is widelythought to have transformed American politics. For example, primary electionsallegedly weakened political parties and fueled the rise of personalistic, incumbencyoriented politics; and primary elections are though to have made politicians much moreideologically extreme than the electorate as a whole, because candidates must first winapproval of a partisan subset of the electorate before they can even qualify for thegeneral election.Addressing even the most basic questions about this two-stage process is difficultbecause no comprehensive database on primary election results in the U.S. currentlyexists. This project assembles a database on primary elections for statewide andfederal offices. For each state, we collect election returns for every statewide andfederal office for major-party primary elections from the year the first primaries wereheld to the present.Our project yields broad educational and social benefits including useful digitaldatabases archived at the ICPSR and on our own websites, publications in a variety ofmedia, data sets made available to state election boards and/or secretaries of state,research collaboration between three major educational institutions, mentoring andemploying research assistants who are women and under-represented minorities, andprofessionalization of undergraduates and graduate students who co-author with theprincipal investigators.

人们普遍认为 20 世纪初选过程的出现改变了美国政治。例如，据称初选削弱了政党并助长了个人主义、在职政治的兴起；初选被认为使政客在意识形态上比整个选民更加极端，因为候选人必须首先赢得部分选民的支持，然后才有资格参加大选。解决这个两阶段过程的最基本问题也很困难，因为美国目前不存在关于初选结果的综合数据库。该项目为全州和联邦办公室建立了一个初选数据库。对于每个州，我们收集从第一次初选举行之年至今每个州和联邦办公室主要政党初选的选举结果。我们的项目产生了广泛的教育和社会效益，包括在 ICPSR 和我们自己的网站上存档的有用数字数据库、各种媒体上的出版物、向州选举委员会和/或国务卿提供的数据集、三个主要教育机构之间的研究合作、指导 雇用女性和代表性不足的少数族裔作为研究助理，以及与主要研究人员共同撰写的本科生和研究生的专业化。