An Exploration of the Role of Mountain River Sinuosity in Landscape Dynamics

山地河流蜿蜒度在景观动力学中的作用探讨

• 批准号: 0617557
• 负责人: Colin Stark
• 金额: $ 31.78万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0617557&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Exploration; Role; Mountain; River; Sinuosity

We have recently discovered that typhoon activity is recorded in a measurable way in the shape of mountain landscapes. We have found that typhoon strike frequency correlates well with the sinuosity of bedrock rivers, as does the relative frequency of extreme rainfall and flood discharge. This observation points to a fundamental climatic control on landscape dynamics, which we intend to pursue in detail in this project. Our focus will be the mountain rivers of Japan and Taiwan, whose landscapes together span a broad climatic range from the typhoon-dominated tropics to the temperate mid-latitudes, thereby providing a broad parameter range for study of the climatic effects. We will examine the morphology of these rivers at exemplary locations to gather a database of reach sinuosity, cross-channel morphology, hydrology and bedrock strength. With the help of these data, we will establish the respective roles of bedrock erodibility, sediment armoring and discharge statistics on sinuosity evolution. At the same time we will pursue theoretical development of a reach-scale model of sinuosity growth and reduction. Our ultimate aim is demonstrate the importance of flood variability and channel mobility in the evolution of mountain landscapes.The project will help to foster collaboration among scientists and engineers at universities and research agencies in the US, UK, Japan and Taiwan. It will support the involvement of one graduate student. Our anticipated insights into the effects of typhoon-driven floods will be of interest both to geoscientists across a range of disciplines and to those concerned with natural hazards and civil defense in environments subject to frequent tropical cyclone strikes.Cofunded by the Office of International Science and Engineering, NSF.

我们最近发现，台风活动以可测量的方式记录在山脉景观的形状中。 我们发现，台风袭击频率与基岩河流的弯曲度以及极端降雨和洪水排放的相对频率相关。 这一观察指出了一个基本的气候控制景观动态，我们打算在这个项目中详细追求。 我们的重点将是日本和台湾的山区河流，它们的景观共同跨越了从台风为主的热带到温带中纬度的广泛气候范围，从而为气候影响的研究提供了广泛的参数范围。 我们将检查这些河流的形态在典型的位置，以收集一个数据库达到弯曲度，跨通道形态，水文和基岩强度。 在这些数据的帮助下，我们将建立各自的作用，基岩可蚀性，沉积物粗化和流量统计的曲折演变。 与此同时，我们将追求的曲折增长和减少达到规模模型的理论发展。 我们的最终目标是展示洪水变异性和河道流动性在山地景观演变中的重要性。该项目将有助于促进美国、英国、日本和台湾大学和研究机构的科学家和工程师之间的合作。 它将支持一名研究生的参与。 我们对台风引发的洪水影响的预期见解将引起一系列学科的地球科学家以及那些关注频繁热带气旋袭击环境中的自然灾害和民防的人的兴趣。