Arabidopsis 2010: Whole proteome tools to benchmark gene functions and reveal networks

拟南芥 2010：用于基准基因功能和揭示网络的完整蛋白质组工具

• 批准号: 0619411
• 负责人: Steven Briggs
• 金额: $ 126.73万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0619411&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arabidopsis; 2010; Whole; proteome; tools

All living organisms are composed of proteins plus other substances made by proteins including fat, sugar, and DNA. Proteins do the work of life; they provide shape, transmit molecular "news", make all of the parts of a cell, capture and utilize energy, provide weapons and defenses, and copy genes required for transmittal to the next generation. Despite their importance, proteins are rarely the first things measured by scientists because existing technologies reveal only a small fraction of the total. This proposal has two principal aims. The first is to increase the sensitivity and precision of protein identification by mass spectrometry. The goal is to identify 90% of the proteins in a sample, or about 10,000 proteins. Current state-of-the-art technology identifies only about 10% of the proteins. Quantitative aspects of the method will be developed to detect changes of two-fold or greater in the level of each protein, compared with existing methods that are qualitative (proteins are designated as either present or absent). Such improvements could be used by all scientists and should have broad application. The second aim is to use this new technology to answer an important scientific question with agricultural significance: how does the root knot nematode infect plants? Nematodes cause many of the most serious diseases of crops. They burrow into the roots and activate abnormal growth patterns which eventually disrupt root functions, leading to water and nutrient stress. Plant proteins will be identified whose levels are affected by infection. These changes will be compared between different plant species infected by the same nematode to learn which changes are in common. These common or conserved changes may be the most important because they have persisted over millions of years. Genetic alterations will be made in the plant that either mimic or prevent the changes caused by infection, as a way to test whether the changes caused by nematodes are necessary for the infection to take place. This will aid in the basic understanding of how to make crops that resist disease. This project will provide training opportunities in state-of-the-art proteomics for postdoctoral researchers and graduate students.

所有生物体都是由蛋白质和其他由蛋白质制成的物质组成的，包括脂肪，糖和DNA。蛋白质做生命的工作;它们提供形状，传递分子“消息”，制造细胞的所有部分，捕获和利用能量，提供武器和防御，并复制传递给下一代所需的基因。尽管蛋白质很重要，但它们很少是科学家首先测量的东西，因为现有技术只揭示了总量的一小部分。这项建议有两个主要目的。一是提高质谱鉴定蛋白质的灵敏度和精确度。目标是识别样品中90%的蛋白质，或大约10，000种蛋白质。目前最先进的技术只能识别大约10%的蛋白质。将开发该方法的定量方面，以检测与现有定性方法（蛋白质被指定为存在或不存在）相比每种蛋白质水平的两倍或更大的变化。所有科学家都可以利用这种改进，并应得到广泛应用。第二个目的是利用这项新技术回答一个具有农业意义的重要科学问题：根结线虫是如何感染植物的？线虫引起许多最严重的农作物病害。它们钻入根部，激活异常的生长模式，最终破坏根部功能，导致水分和养分胁迫。植物蛋白质将被鉴定其水平受感染的影响。这些变化将在被相同线虫感染的不同植物物种之间进行比较，以了解哪些变化是共同的。这些共同的或保守的变化可能是最重要的，因为它们已经持续了数百万年。将在植物中进行遗传改变，以模拟或防止感染引起的变化，作为测试线虫引起的变化是否是感染发生所必需的一种方式。这将有助于基本了解如何使作物抵抗疾病。该项目将为博士后研究人员和研究生提供最先进的蛋白质组学培训机会。