Dissertation Research: Regulation in the Architecture of American Modernism, 1890-1920

这项科学与社会学位论文改进助学金为一名博士生提供旅行相关费用，用于收集美国档案中的数据，帮助他完成历史学博士学位。这篇论文考察了1890年至1920年间美国建筑监管制度的发展，这些制度允许稳定和控制不可预测的气候和经济波动。科学、工业和国家都参与了这一建筑现代化的进程，以实现两个目标：1)了解和控制环境动态；2)使资本主义生产更有效率、更可预测和更公平。这些目标代表着建筑、工程和管理等现代职业对其与社会关系的想象发生了根本性的转变。他们不是接受现有的社会条件，而是成为可以积极参与美国政治经济的代理人。为了理解这种转变的历史背景，本文将收集和解读档案材料，这些材料记录了自动温度控制的发明、冷藏系统的出现、生态研究实验室的设计，以及科学管理在工厂布局和建设中的应用。美国现代史上的现有研究尚未解决自然、经济和建筑之间的相互作用，这是通过监管制度的发展带来的。这位研究人员是唯一有资格将建筑培训的专门知识以及档案研究方法应用于建筑学在现代规则概念的形成和传播中所起的重要作用的人。研究监管概念是如何从新兴的科学研究、技术创新以及新的管理方法中获得意义的，将开始揭示这些论述是如何进入建筑中什么是现代的定义的。这种历史视角说明了环境、经济和建筑之间的明确联系，对于参与想象我们未来栖息地的当代设计师来说，这种联系仍然存在。对建筑如何影响环境的关注已经越来越多地进入大多数建筑学专业的教育课程。然而，教授这个问题的历史部分还没有成为与新兴的绿色建筑运动相关的教育学的一部分。通过将科学、技术和商业的历史结合在一起，这篇论文可以对建筑和环境之间的关系提供一个历史性的和批判性的观点，它将检查过去为工业、投机和公共利益而试图规范环境不稳定所引起的社会条件的变化。

This Science and Society Dissertation Improvement Grant supports travel related expenses for a dissertation student collect data that in U.S. archives that will help him complete his Ph.D. in History. The dissertation examines the development of regulatory systems for buildings in the United States between 1890 and 1920 that allowed for the stabilization and control of unpredictable fluctuations in climate and economy. Science, industry, and the state all took part in this process of architectural modernization to fulfill two goals: 1) to understand and control environmental dynamics and 2) to make capitalist production more efficient, predictable and equitable. These goals represented a fundamental shift in how the modern professions of architecture, engineering and management imagined their relationship to society. Rather than accepting existing social conditions, they became agents that could actively take part in American political economy. In order to understand the historical context of such a shift, this dissertation will assemble and interpret archival materials that document the invention of automatic temperature control, the emergence the cold storage system, the design of research laboratories for ecology, and the application of scientific management to the layout and construction of factories. Existing research in the history of modern America has yet to address the interface between nature, economy and architecture that was brought about through the development of regulatory systems. This researcher is uniquely qualified to bring the expertise of architectural training as well as methods for archival research to bear on the essential role that architecture played in the formation and dissemination of the modern concept of regulation. Investigating how the concept of regulation derived its meaning from emerging scientific research, technological innovation as well as new approaches to management, will begin to shed light on how these discourses entered into the very definition of what was modern in architecture. This historical perspective illustrates the explicit connection between the environment, the economy and architecture that still exists for contemporary designers involved in imagining our future habitat. Concerns about how buildings affect the environment have increasingly entered into the educational curriculum of most professional programs in architecture. However, teaching the historical component of this issue has not yet become a part of the pedagogy associated with the emerging green building movement. By bringing together the histories of science, technology and business, this dissertation can offer a historical and critical outlook on the relationship between architecture and the environment that will examine the changes in social conditions that have arisen from past attempts to regulate environmental instabilities for industry, speculation and the public interest.