Doctoral Dissertation Research: Privacy on the Roads: Values, Technical Design and the Flow of Personal Information on the Transportation and Information Superhighways

博士论文研究：道路隐私：交通和信息高速公路上的价值观、技术设计和个人信息流动

• 批准号: 0620772
• 负责人: Helen Nissenbaum
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0620772&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Privacy; Roads

This Science and Society Dissertation Improvement grant requests support for empirical data collection to investigate the value implications of two emerging technologies of everyday life, networked vehicle systems and web search engines. Networked vehicle systems (GPS-based navigational tools, automated toll collection, automobile black boxes, and vehicle safety communication systems) rely on the transmission, collection and aggregation of a particular vehicle's location and telemetry data. The drive towards the perfect web search engine (providing personalized results and delivering only relevant advertising) depends on the profiling of users' online activities and interests. Taken together, these technologies represent emerging threats to one's privacy on the roads: on the one hand, networked vehicle systems enable the widespread surveillance of drivers traveling on the public highways, and on the other, a perfect search engine facilitates the monitoring and aggregation of one's intellectual activities on the information superhighway. NSF funding is requested for travel to three carefully selected, specialized research sites that will make theoretical, material, and pragmatic contributions to this project: Center for Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, to enrich the investigation of the relationship between values and technology, and work alongside both philosophers and engineers sensitive to the value implications of technology; Department of Philosophy and the History of Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, to work alongside other scholars dedicated to the ethics of traffic technology and observe pragmatic interventions within Swedish automotive and technical communities; and Culturally Embedded Computing Group, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, to gain a critical understanding of the relationship between technology and culture, and witness the application of critical technical practice to real design situations. Studying within these communities of scholars, in person and over an extended period of time, will not only directly inform this project's investigation of the value implications of technology, but also broaden the level of inquiry to include unique interdisciplinary and pragmatic dimensions typically separated by geographic and disciplinary boundaries and not immediately available at New York University. The intellectual merit of this project includes the deepening of the knowledge and understanding of the complex interplay between social, moral, political and cultural values and technology. Specifically, it will elucidate the value implications of two emerging sociotechnical systems as they relate to privacy in public and the privacy of one's intellectual activities. The support requested with this proposal will improve the project's rigor and intellectual merit by enabling the sharing and discussion of the theories, methods and results of contemporaneous projects with leading scholars at relevant research sites worldwide. The broader impact of this project includes bringing philosophical, legal and cultural analyses of technology into real-world design contexts with the goal of influencing technical design in value- conscious ways. Using the pragmatic tools of value-sensitive design and critical technical practice, combined with the knowledge gained by visiting sites of successful collaboration among social scientists, philosophers and engineers, this project will engage with technical communities to proactively inform design, and work generally to provide a new model for pragmatic engagement outside academia.

这项科学与社会论文改进补助金要求支持经验数据收集，以调查日常生活中两种新兴技术的价值影响，联网车辆系统和网络搜索引擎。联网车辆系统（基于GPS的导航工具、自动收费、汽车黑匣子和车辆安全通信系统）依赖于特定车辆位置和遥测数据的传输、收集和汇总。追求完美的网络搜索引擎（提供个性化的搜索结果，只提供相关的广告）取决于对用户在线活动和兴趣的分析。总的来说，这些技术代表了对道路上个人隐私的新威胁：一方面，联网的车辆系统可以对在公共公路上行驶的司机进行广泛的监视，另一方面，完美的搜索引擎有助于监视和汇总信息高速公路上的智力活动。NSF的资金被要求前往三个精心挑选的，专门的研究地点，这将使理论，材料和务实的贡献，这个项目：荷兰恩斯赫德特文特大学技术和工程科学哲学中心，以丰富对价值观与技术之间关系的研究，与哲学家和工程师一起工作，对技术的价值含义敏感;瑞典斯德哥尔摩皇家理工学院哲学与技术史系，与其他致力于交通技术伦理的学者一起工作，并观察瑞典汽车和技术社区内的务实干预措施;和文化嵌入式计算组，康奈尔大学，伊萨卡，纽约州，以获得对技术和文化之间的关系的批判性理解，并见证关键技术实践在真实的设计情况中的应用。 在这些学者社区内进行研究，不仅可以直接了解本项目对技术价值影响的调查，还可以扩大调查的范围，包括独特的跨学科和务实的维度，这些维度通常由地理和学科界限分开，纽约大学无法立即提供。该项目的智力价值包括加深对社会、道德、政治和文化价值观与技术之间复杂相互作用的认识和理解。 具体来说，它将阐明两个新兴的社会技术系统的价值含义，因为它们涉及到在公共场所的隐私和个人的智力活动的隐私。 本提案所要求的支持将提高该项目的严谨性和学术价值，使其能够与世界各地相关研究地点的主要学者分享和讨论同期项目的理论、方法和结果。该项目的更广泛影响包括将技术的哲学、法律的和文化分析带入现实世界的设计环境，目标是以有价值意识的方式影响技术设计。利用价值敏感设计和关键技术实践的实用工具，结合访问社会科学家，哲学家和工程师之间成功合作的网站所获得的知识，该项目将与技术社区合作，积极为设计提供信息，并为学术界以外的务实参与提供新的模式。