Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosols over the Eastern Tropical Atlantic and West Africa during Summer 2006/Winter 2007: In situ Measurements and Modeling Efforts

2006 年夏季/2007 年冬季热带大西洋东部和西非上空的对流层臭氧和气溶胶：现场测量和建模工作

• 批准号: 0621529
• 负责人: Gregory Jenkins
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Howard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0621529&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Tropospheric; Ozone; Aerosols; over; Eastern

This project addresses an important unresolved topic regarding the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone over the tropical Atlantic. The goals are to observe tropospheric ozone mixing ratios through in situ measurements, to characterize and quantify aerosol loading and its surface radiative forcing, and to examine the changes in the vertical distribution of ozone during dust events. The data will be obtained from short field intensives during 2006 and 2007, specifically from shipborne measurements during an Atlantic cruise, and from wintertime measurements in a continental environment. The field campaign during the Northern Hemisphere winter in Senegal will examine the direct linkage between winter season dust outbreaks and the vertical distribution and changes in tropospheric ozone. The measurements will include ozonesonde launches from the airport in Dakar, Senegal. The in situ data collected in this study will be compared to satellite derived ozone products and ozone vertical profiles from other stations in the tropical ozonesonde network.In addition, global and regional meteorological/chemical models will be used in real-time and post-analysis stages for validation against observations and to better understand the chemical and meteorological processes occurring. Measurements from tropical latitudes provide the unique opportunity to examine cross-equatorial transport of biomass burning emissions which enhance tropospheric ozone. Information on the relative contribution of natural sources of ozone (lightning) in the enhancement of upper tropospheric ozone over West Africa and in the outflow region over the tropical Atlantic will be obtained. This work will be carried out in collaboration with scientists at NASA Goddard, as well as collaborators from African Universities.This project will provide opportunities for an African-American graduate student at Howard University, and a post-doctoral fellow. It will also provide a unique opportunity for close collaboration with West African scientists on the in situ measurements and modeling efforts. This will provide opportunities for both African-American and West African scientists and students to publish in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, these efforts are likely to be of use for other applications in West Africa, such as climate and health matters.This award is jointly funded with NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering.

该项目涉及热带大西洋上空对流层臭氧空间和时间分布的一个重要的未决专题。目标是通过现场测量观测对流层臭氧混合比，确定气溶胶负荷及其表面辐射强迫的特征和数量，并检查沙尘事件期间臭氧垂直分布的变化。这些数据将从2006年和2007年期间的短场密集观测中获得，特别是从大西洋巡航期间的船载测量中获得，以及从大陆环境中的冬季测量中获得。北方冬季在塞内加尔开展的实地活动将研究冬季沙尘暴与对流层臭氧的垂直分布和变化之间的直接联系。测量工作将包括从塞内加尔达喀尔机场发射臭氧探测仪。将把这项研究收集的现场数据与热带臭氧探测仪网络中其他台站的卫星臭氧产品和臭氧垂直廓线进行比较，此外，还将在实时和分析后阶段使用全球和区域气象/化学模型，以便根据观测结果进行验证，并更好地了解正在发生的化学和气象过程。从热带纬度进行的测量提供了一个独特的机会，可以审查生物质燃烧排放物的跨赤道输送，这种输送会增强对流层臭氧。将获得关于自然臭氧源（闪电）在西非上空和热带大西洋上空外流区对流层上层臭氧增强中的相对贡献的信息。这项工作将与美国航天局戈达德的科学家以及非洲各大学的合作者合作进行，该项目将为霍华德大学的一名非洲裔美国研究生和一名博士后研究员提供机会。它还将提供一个独特的机会，与西非科学家就现场测量和建模工作进行密切合作。这将为非洲裔美国人和西非科学家和学生提供在同行评审期刊上发表论文的机会。此外，这些努力很可能用于西非的其他应用，如气候和健康问题。