Understanding Northern Hemisphere (NH) Summer Season Tropospheric Ozone Variability across the Northern Tropical Atlantic through Focused Upstream/Downstream Campaigns

通过集中的上游/下游活动了解北半球 (NH) 夏季整个热带大西洋北部对流层臭氧变化

• 批准号: 1013179
• 负责人: Gregory Jenkins
• 金额: $ 47.82万
• 依托单位: Howard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-15 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1013179&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Northern; Hemisphere; NH; Summer

This project seeks to understand processes associated with tropospheric ozone variability across the northern tropical Atlantic Ocean between West Africa and the Caribbean during the summer of 2010. In particular, ozonesonde measurements will be made at Sao Vicente, Cape Verde; Dakar, Senegal and Barbados. Weekly ozonesonde launches and two intensive operations periods (IOPs) are planned with IOP1 occurring in June and IOP2 occurring during August/September. The focus of IOP1 is on ozone depletion associated with the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) and the enhancement of ozone in the boundary layer in association with a soil nitrogen oxides pulse from early rain events after the dry season in sub-Saharan Africa. The focus of IOP2 is on ozone enhancement associated with lightning-produced nitrogen oxides from African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and boundary layer ozone depletion associated with surface deposition. The measurements will take advantage of additional data from three hurricane research field campaigns during August/September, and a focused aerosol, microphysics, precipitation field campaign at Barbados. Surface ozone, dust measurements and other measurements (ceilometers, lidar, surface nitrogen oxides, radar) at Cape Verde and Barbados are also expected to augment data derived from this project. Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-CHEM) model forecasts for dust and AEWs will be produced on a daily basis during the campaign to help target ozonesonde launches.This program will provide opportunities for professional development for up to ten underrepresented undergraduate and graduate students in the atmospheric sciences and related physical sciences. Students will be divided up into teams and will be responsible for ozonesonde preparation, forecast discussions, and ozonesonde/radiosonde launches and will participate in the daily briefings via Skype at the three locations. Students will be taught ozonesonde preparation and ozonesonde/radiosonde launch procedures. One graduate student at Howard University will be supported along with a postdoctoral fellow. Research opportunities through collaboration for faculty and students will occur with the Caribbean Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology in Barbados and continued collaboration is expected with the Laboratory for Atmospheric-Oceanic Physics - Simeon Fongang at Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Senegal. Outreach activities will be sought with institutions on Sao Vicente Island, Cape Verde. This research represents an opportunity to combine atmospheric chemistry, aerosol science and tropical meteorology, exposing students to the possible synergy that exists amongst these sub-disciplines. The basic research will build capacity in Senegal for long-term aerosol and surface ozone measurements that have applications not only to atmospheric chemistry and climate forcing but also to respiratory disease and public health.

该项目力求了解2010年夏季横跨西非和加勒比之间的热带大西洋北部对流层臭氧变化的相关过程。特别是，将在佛得角圣文森特、塞内加尔达喀尔和巴巴多斯进行臭氧探空仪测量。计划每周发射臭氧探测仪和两个密集行动期，其中强化行动期1在6月进行，强化作业期2在8/9月进行。IOP1的重点是与撒哈拉空气层(SAL)有关的臭氧消耗，以及与撒哈拉以南非洲旱季后早期降雨事件产生的土壤氮氧化物脉冲有关的边界层臭氧增强。IOP2的重点是与来自非洲东波的闪电产生的氮氧化物有关的臭氧增强，以及与地面沉积有关的边界层臭氧消耗。这些测量将利用8/9月期间三次飓风研究实地活动以及巴巴多斯重点开展的气溶胶、微物理、降水实地活动的额外数据。佛得角和巴巴多斯的地面臭氧、粉尘测量和其他测量(天花板、激光雷达、地面氮氧化物、雷达)预计也将补充该项目产生的数据。天气研究和化学预报(WRF-CHEM)沙尘和AEW的模式预报将在活动期间每天制作，以帮助锁定臭氧探测仪的发射。该计划将为大气科学和相关物理科学方面最多10名代表性不足的本科生和研究生提供专业发展机会。学生将被分成小组，负责臭氧探空仪的准备、预报讨论和臭氧探空仪/无线电探空仪的发射，并将通过Skype参加三个地点的每日简报。学生将学习臭氧探空仪的准备和臭氧探空仪/无线电探空仪发射程序。霍华德大学的一名研究生将与一名博士后研究员一起获得资助。教职员工和学生将有机会通过与巴巴多斯加勒比水文和气象学研究所合作进行研究，预计将继续与塞内加尔达喀尔Cheikh Anta Diop大学的大气-海洋物理实验室--Simeon Fonang合作。将寻求与佛得角圣文森特岛的机构开展外联活动。这项研究代表了一个将大气化学、气溶胶科学和热带气象学结合起来的机会，使学生接触到这些子学科之间可能存在的协同作用。基础研究将在塞内加尔建立长期气溶胶和地面臭氧测量的能力，这些测量不仅适用于大气化学和气候强迫，而且还适用于呼吸系统疾病和公共卫生。