Peptide Signaling for Plant Defense

植物防御的肽信号传导

• 批准号: 0623029
• 负责人: John Browse
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623029&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Peptide; Signaling; Plant; Defense

The objectives of this research are to investigate the properties of novel peptidedefense signals discovered in tomato and Arabidopsis plants that have important rolesin amplifying the defense systems of the plants to strengthen the resistances againstpathogens and insect pests. Until the discovery of the defense peptide called systeminin tomato leaves in 1991 by Ryan and colleagues, no peptide signals were known to becomponents of plant signaling. Over 20 peptide signals are now known that regulateboth defense and development. A novel, rapid, and simple assay has been developedin the Ryan laboratory that can identify new peptide signals in plant extracts. Thisassay has allowed the discovery of several new peptide signals for both plant defenseand development including a peptide called AtPep1 that enhances the innate immuneresponses of the plants against pathogens. The gene encoding the peptide is amember of a gene family that is found in species throughout the plant kingdom.Biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches will be carried out to understand therole of peptide signals using tomato and Arabidopsis plants as model systems. Thelocalization of the peptides and their precursor genes in plants will be studied, and howthe peptides are produced from precursor proteins and perceived by plant cells toactivate defensive genes in response to herbivores and/or pathogen attacks will beinvestigated. The peptides that enhance plant defense responses have provided newinsights toward an understanding of innate immunity in plants, which are the earliestresponses of plants in response to most attacking organisms. The knowledge gainedwill contribute to the framework of the basic principles that govern peptide signaling inthe plant kingdom. Such information will contribute to an understanding of defensepeptide signaling in both plants and animals, and will be especially useful in breedingand biotechnological approaches to enhance yields in major agricultural crops. A majorcomponent of this grant is to train undergraduate and graduate students as well aspostdoctoral fellows and visiting scientists in fundamentals research that can be appliedto agriculture and human health. The PI's successful ongoing efforts to bring women and minorities into my laboratory will continue through the tenure of this project.

本研究的目的是研究在番茄和拟南芥植物中发现的新的肽防御信号的性质，这些信号在增强植物的防御系统以增强对病原体和害虫的抗性方面具有重要作用。直到1991年Ryan和他的同事在番茄叶片中发现了一种名为系统素的防御肽之前，没有任何肽信号被认为是植物信号的组成部分。目前已知有20多个肽信号同时调节防御和发育。瑞安实验室开发了一种新的、快速和简单的分析方法，可以在植物提取物中识别新的多肽信号。这项试验已经发现了几种新的植物防御和发育的多肽信号，包括一种名为AtPep1的多肽，它可以增强植物对病原体的天然免疫反应。编码多肽的基因是整个植物界物种中发现的一个基因家族的成员。我们将以番茄和拟南芥植物为模型系统，采用生物化学、分子和遗传学的方法来理解多肽信号的作用。将研究这些多肽及其前体基因在植物中的定位，以及这些多肽是如何由前体蛋白产生并被植物细胞感知以激活防御基因以响应食草动物和/或病原体攻击的。增强植物防御反应的多肽为理解植物的先天免疫提供了新的视角，先天免疫是植物对大多数攻击生物最早的反应。所获得的知识将有助于建立管理植物界中肽信号传递的基本原则的框架。这些信息将有助于理解植物和动物中的防御肽信号，并将在育种和生物技术方法中特别有用，以提高主要农作物的产量。这笔资金的一个主要组成部分是培训本科生和研究生，以及博士后研究员和访问科学家，使他们掌握可应用于农业和人类健康的基础研究。在这个项目的整个任期内，国际和平协会为将妇女和少数群体带入我的实验室所做的成功持续努力将继续下去。