Collaborative Proposal: Mineral Ballast and Organic Matter Compositions as Determinants of Particle Settling Velocities and Fluxes in the Sea (MedFlux)

合作提案：矿物压载物和有机物成分作为海洋中颗粒沉降速度和通量的决定因素 (MedFlux)

• 批准号: 0623271
• 负责人: Russell McDuff
• 金额: $ 5.99万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623271&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Mineral; Ballast; Organic

ABSTRACTOCE-0622754 / OCE-0622930 / OCE-0623271With support from this grant, the members of the MedFlux research team at SUNY-Stony Brook, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, and University of Washington will complete data analysis and informational synthesis their pioneering study of the fate of biogenic particles falling from the oceanic euphotic zone. The central focus of the MedFlux, which began with NSF support four years ago, is to develop a better mechanistic understanding of the "ballast hypothesis," which states that Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) fluxes to the deep ocean and sediments are directly proportional (3-7% OC by weight) to fluxes of "ballast minerals" produced by organisms (opal or carbonate minerals) or introduced into the surface ocean by physical processes. Earlier work (Armstrong et al. 2002; Klaas & Archer 2002) showed that the flux of organic carbon at depth can be predicted extremely well (85-90% explained variance) by ballast flux; the types and amounts of mineral ballast introduced to the surface ocean may therefore be critical determinants and predictors of the ocean's ability to take up and store carbon. To advance these studies, the research team also developed specialized sampling devices and protocols for measuring the two fundamental components of flux: particle concentration C(z) and average sinking velocity w ( z) at depth z. With funding under this grant, the team will be able to evaluate fully both the scientific output of the project as well as the performance of the new particulate sampling technology.This research has a number of broader impacts for for global carbon cycle and environmental change issues. For example, as pH decreases in response to the continued dissolution of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the ocean, carbonate minerals may dissolve preferentially, affecting both ballasting and the average remineralization depth of POC in the ocean. This situation would necessitate a mechanism-based understanding of POC ballasting in the ocean. Additionally, MedFlux work will continue to foster international collaborations among three U.S. universities and colleagues in Monaco, France, Spain, and Geermany. The project also provides for the support and training of graduate students.

ABSTRACTOCE-0622754 / OCE-0622930 / OCE-0623271在这笔赠款的支持下，纽约州立大学石溪分校、斯基德威海洋学研究所和华盛顿大学的 MedFlux 研究团队的成员将完成数据分析和信息综合，这是他们对从海洋真光带落下的生物颗粒命运的开创性研究。 MedFlux 于四年前得到 NSF 的支持，其核心重点是对“压载假说”有更好的机制理解，该假说指出，颗粒有机碳 (POC) 流向深海和沉积物的通量与生物体（蛋白石或碳酸盐矿物）产生的或通过物理过程引入表层海洋的“压载矿物”通量成正比（按重量计 3-7% OC）。早期的工作（Armstrong 等人，2002 年；Klaas 和 Archer，2002 年）表明，通过压载通量可以非常好地预测深度有机碳通量（85-90% 的解释方差）。因此，引入海洋表层的压载矿物的类型和数量可能是海洋吸收和储存碳能力的关键决定因素和预测因素。为了推进这些研究，研究小组还开发了专门的采样设备和协议，用于测量通量的两个基本组成部分：颗粒浓度 C(z) 和深度 z 处的平均下沉速度 w ( z)。 借助这笔拨款的资助，该团队将能够全面评估该项目的科学成果以及新颗粒采样技术的性能。这项研究对全球碳循环和环境变化问题具有许多更广泛的影响。例如，随着人为二氧化碳在海洋中的持续溶解而导致 pH 值降低，碳酸盐矿物可能会优先溶解，从而影响海洋中 POC 的压载和平均再矿化深度。这种情况需要对海洋中的 POC 压载有基于机制的理解。此外，MedFlux 工作将继续促进三所美国大学以及摩纳哥、法国、西班牙和德国同事之间的国际合作。 该项目还为研究生提供支持和培训。