The balance of selection on the growth trajectories of fishes

选择平衡对鱼类生长轨迹的影响

• 批准号: 0623322
• 负责人: Stephan Munch
• 金额: $ 44.93万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623322&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: balance; selection; growth; trajectories; fishes

Growth is fundamental to an individual's fitness. Since fecundity and survival, the two primary components of fitness, typically increase with size, in the absence of trade-offs, growth should be driven to the maximum allowed by physiological and phylogenetic constraints. With few exceptions, the preponderance of field evidence seems to indicate selection for larger size and faster growth in the early life history of fishes. In contrast to this, local adaptation in growth occurs in many species, indicating that growth rates do not uniformly evolve to their maximum. Pervasive selection for fast growth in the early life history apparently contradicts the equally common observation that submaximal growth rates are adaptive. Two hypotheses may resolve this conundrum. 1) Growth during the early life history does not have a heritable genetic basis; 2) Early growth does have a genetic basis and there are delayed costs of growth that result in balancing selection on growth rates when viewed over the entire life history. This project will use Menidia menidia as a model species to test these competing hypotheses. The work will combine field collections, laboratory experiments, and quantitative genetic modeling to evaluate the genetic basis for, and fitness consequences of, growth throughout the life history. 1) The genetic covariance and heritability of growth and fecundity throughout the life history will be estimated for fish from the center of the range. 2) Selection on size and growth will be estimated for this population using otoliths from multiple samples throughout the life span. 3) The short and long term costs of growth will be evaluated using a combination of phenotypically-manipulated individuals and individuals from three locally adapted populations. Connecting processes acting in the early life history with fitness consequences throughout life will fundamentally change the way we think about larval biology and the complex processes governing recruitment.Intellectual Merit --The project will track selection on size and growth over the whole life history and evaluate the quantitative genetic basis for these characters. By connecting processes in the ELH to reproductive success late in life, the study will help resolve a major contradiction in the early life history of fishes. Broader Impacts--There is mounting evidence that heavily exploited fish stocks have evolved in response to harvest selection and recent evidence suggests that these adaptations may slow population recovery following reductions in fishing mortality. In collaboration with government fisheries scientists, the PI plans to use the models and information resulting from this project to develop evolutionarily sustainable harvest strategies. The PI will also present results to the general public through the Hudson River Foundation's seminar series, regularly attended by a diverse audience including, fishermen and environmentalists. All raw data will be made freely available for use in research and education through the PIs Stony Brook website. The PI mentors a diverse group of undergraduates throughout the year. 80% of the present cohort of students are from traditionally underrepresented groups. The project will provide these students and their successors hands-on training in high speed photography and motion analysis, fish husbandry, and otolith preparation, as well as opportunities to collect and identify of a variety of nearshore fishes. Parts of the research will form the basis of two PhD dissertations, including one by Kestrel Perez who began working with the PI through the AGEP program for minority undergraduate research and has since enrolled in Stony Brook's PhD program in Ocean Sciences. All students will be encouraged to participate in meetings relevant to their research. Financial support for the proposed project will allow the PI to continue to provide research opportunities such as these. The equipment requested will contribute to the research infrastructure for biological oceanography and marine ecology at Stony Brook.

生长是个体健康的基础。由于繁殖力和生存，两个主要组成部分的健身，通常增加与大小，在没有权衡，增长应被驱动到最大限度允许的生理和系统发育的限制。除了少数例外，现场证据的优势似乎表明，选择更大的尺寸和更快的增长在早期的鱼类生活史。与此相反，许多物种在生长中发生局部适应，表明生长率并不均匀地进化到最大值。在早期的生活史中，普遍选择快速增长显然与同样普遍的观察相矛盾，即次最大的增长率是适应性的。有两个假设可以解决这个难题。1)早期生活史中的生长没有可遗传的遗传基础; 2）早期生长确实有遗传基础，并且存在延迟的生长成本，这导致在整个生活史中观察时对生长率的平衡选择。本项目将使用Menidia menidia作为模式物种，以测试这些相互竞争的假设。这项工作将结合联合收割机现场收集，实验室实验和定量遗传建模，以评估整个生活史中生长的遗传基础和适应性后果。1)整个生活史的生长和繁殖力的遗传协方差和遗传力将估计从范围的中心的鱼。2)将使用整个寿命期内多个样本的耳石估计该种群的大小和生长选择。3)将使用表型操纵的个体和来自三个当地适应群体的个体的组合来评估生长的短期和长期成本。将早期生命史中的行为过程与整个生命中的适应性后果联系起来，将从根本上改变我们对幼虫生物学和控制招募的复杂过程的看法。智力优势--该项目将跟踪整个生命史中对大小和生长的选择，并评估这些特征的定量遗传基础。通过将ELH中的过程与生命后期的繁殖成功联系起来，这项研究将有助于解决鱼类早期生活史中的一个主要矛盾。更广泛的影响-有越来越多的证据表明，被严重捕捞的鱼类种群已经根据捕捞选择而进化，最近的证据表明，这些适应可能会减缓捕捞死亡率降低后的种群恢复。PI计划与政府渔业科学家合作，利用该项目产生的模型和信息，制定进化上可持续的捕捞战略。PI还将通过哈德逊河基金会的系列研讨会向公众展示结果，这些研讨会定期由包括渔民和环保主义者在内的各种观众参加。所有原始数据将通过PI斯托尼布鲁克网站免费提供用于研究和教育。PI全年指导不同的本科生群体。目前80%的学生来自传统上代表性不足的群体。该项目将为这些学生及其继任者提供高速摄影和运动分析，鱼类养殖和耳石制备方面的实践培训，以及收集和识别各种近岸鱼类的机会。部分研究将形成两篇博士论文的基础，其中一篇由Kestrel Perez撰写，他开始通过AGEP计划与PI合作进行少数民族本科研究，并从此就读于斯托尼布鲁克的海洋科学博士课程。将鼓励所有学生参加与他们的研究有关的会议。对拟议项目的财政支持将使PI能够继续提供这样的研究机会。 所要求的设备将有助于斯托尼布鲁克的生物海洋学和海洋生态学研究基础设施。