The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey: Monitoring the Plankton of the North Atlantic

连续浮游生物记录仪（CPR）调查（1931年至今）是世界上唯一的浮游生物长期和海盆范围的业务调查。人们越来越认识到这种多年代际时间序列作为评估环境变化的“晴雨表”的价值。这项调查由北大西洋的阿利斯特·哈迪爵士海洋科学基金会（SAHFOS）运作，得到了一个国际资助者联盟的支持。自1990年SAHFOS成立以来，美国作为该联盟的成员在帮助支持调查方面发挥了关键作用。该项目将在2006年至2010年期间继续提供美国的支持。由于世界上很少有海洋生物信息的长期数据集，因此从CPR中获得的时间序列尤其有价值。人们日益认识到，海洋生态系统的质量受到污染、富营养化、生物多样性丧失和过度捕捞等一系列广泛的人类影响。随着生态系统方法应用于环境管理，评价和量化这些问题的规模和影响正变得越来越重要。与上述问题叠加的是气候变化和酸化对海洋生态系统的潜在影响。模拟研究表明，这种影响在北大西洋可能更为明显，该地区在世界气候中起着关键作用（例如溶解度和生物泵）。美国继续提供的资金将有助于维持从冰岛到美国东部边缘的西大西洋CPR路线。将继续在调查中使用标准化方法。自1931年以来，在超过500万英里的拖曳中，超过20万个样本被分析成大约500个不同的动物园和浮游植物分类群。新的突破已经证明了应用分子分析和校准遥感产品与CPR数据的潜力。调查所得的产品还被用于构建和验证新一代生态系统、渔业和气候模型。SAHFOS在分类学和其他调查技能方面拥有独特的全球专业知识，并在知识转移方面拥有先进的专业知识，是海洋学教育的积极推动者。作为一项长期计划，CPR计划的主要目标是保持调查的空间和时间完整性，并继续增加时间序列的年份。其他目标包括：进一步了解观测到的年代际和较短时期空间和时间变异背后的机制，以及在海洋生态系统全球和气候变化的背景下解释水生生物变异和生物多样性。SAHFOS的核心目标是在GOOS、GLOBEC和IMBER等国际项目中推广CPR方法。

The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey (1931 to present) is the only long-term and ocean basin wide operational survey of plankton in the world. There has been an increasing recognition of the value of this multi-decadal time series as a 'barometer' against which to assess environmental change. Operated by the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS) in the North Atlantic the Survey is supported by an international consortium of funders. The USA as a member of this consortium has played a key role in helping to underpin the survey since SAHFOS was established in 1990. This project will provide for the continuation of USA support for a further five years, 2006-2010. The time-series available from the CPR are especially valuable, as there are few long data sets of marine biological information available in the world. There is a growing awareness that the quality of marine ecosystems is subject to a wide range of human impacts from pollution, eutrophication, loss of biodiversity to over fishing. Evaluating and quantifying the scale and effects of such issues is becoming increasingly important as an ecosystem approach is applied to environmental management. Superimposed on the above issues are the potential effects of climate change and acidification on oceanic ecosystems. Modelling studies indicate that such effects are likely to be more pronounced in the North Atlantic and that this region plays a key role in the climate of the world (e.g. solubility and biological pumps). The continuation of funding by the USA will help maintain the CPR routes in the western Atlantic from Iceland and down the eastern margin of the USA. Standardized methodologies will continue to be used in the survey. More than 200,000 samples have been analyzed into ~500 different taxa of zoo and phytoplankton over the more than 5 million miles that have now been towed since 1931. New breakthroughs have demonstrated the potential to apply molecular analysis and calibrate remote sensing products with CPR data. Products from the survey are also being used to construct and validate a new generation of ecosystem, fishery and climate models. SAHFOS holds a unique global expertise in taxonomy and other survey skills and is an active promoter of oceanographic education with sophisticated expertise in Knowledge Transfer. As a long-term program the main objective of the CPR program is to maintain the spatial and temporal integrity of the survey and to continue to add further years to the time series. Other objectives include: the development of an improved understanding of mechanisms behind observed decadal and shorter period spatial and temporal variability and the interpretation of hydrobiological variability and biodiversity within the context of global and climate change in marine ecosystems. Central to the aims of SAHFOS is the promotion of the CPR approach within international programs such as GOOS, GLOBEC and IMBER.