The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey: Monitoring the Plankton of the North Atlantic

连续浮游生物记录仪(CPR)调查(1931年至今)是世界上唯一一项长期的、海洋流域范围的浮游生物作业调查。人们越来越认识到，这一数十年制时间序列作为评估环境变化的“晴雨表”的价值。该调查由北大西洋的阿里斯特·哈代爵士海洋科学基金会(SAHFOS)运作，并由一个国际资助者财团提供支助。自1990年SAHFOS成立以来，美国作为该联盟的成员，在帮助支持这项调查方面发挥了关键作用。该项目将在2006-2010年的五年内继续向美国提供支助。CPR提供的时间序列特别有价值，因为世界上几乎没有长长的海洋生物信息数据集。人们越来越意识到，海洋生态系统的质量受到各种人类影响，从污染、富营养化、生物多样性丧失到过度捕捞。随着生态系统方法应用于环境管理，评估和量化这类问题的规模和影响变得越来越重要。气候变化和酸化对海洋生态系统的潜在影响叠加在上述问题之上。模拟研究表明，这种影响可能在北大西洋更为明显，该区域在世界气候(如溶解度和生物泵)中发挥着关键作用。美国继续提供资金将有助于维持西大西洋从冰岛到美国东部边缘的CPR路线。调查中将继续使用标准化的方法。自1931年以来，超过200,000个样本被分析成500多种不同的动物园和浮游植物类别，自1931年以来，这些样本已经被拖了500多万英里。新的突破显示了应用分子分析和利用CPR数据校准遥感产品的潜力。调查的产品还被用于构建和验证新一代生态系统、渔业和气候模型。南洋渔业资源中心在分类学和其他调查技能方面拥有独特的全球专门知识，是海洋学教育的积极推动者，在知识转让方面拥有复杂的专门知识。作为一项长期方案，CPR方案的主要目标是保持调查的空间和时间完整性，并继续在时间序列中增加年份。其他目标包括：在全球和海洋生态系统气候变化的背景下，更好地理解观测到的十年和较短时期的时空变异性背后的机制，以及对水生生物变异性和生物多样性的解释。SAHFOS目标的核心是在GOOS、GLOBEC和IMBER等国际项目中促进CPR方法。

The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey (1931 to present) is the only long-term and ocean basin wide operational survey of plankton in the world. There has been an increasing recognition of the value of this multi-decadal time series as a 'barometer' against which to assess environmental change. Operated by the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS) in the North Atlantic the Survey is supported by an international consortium of funders. The USA as a member of this consortium has played a key role in helping to underpin the survey since SAHFOS was established in 1990. This project will provide for the continuation of USA support for a further five years, 2006-2010. The time-series available from the CPR are especially valuable, as there are few long data sets of marine biological information available in the world. There is a growing awareness that the quality of marine ecosystems is subject to a wide range of human impacts from pollution, eutrophication, loss of biodiversity to over fishing. Evaluating and quantifying the scale and effects of such issues is becoming increasingly important as an ecosystem approach is applied to environmental management. Superimposed on the above issues are the potential effects of climate change and acidification on oceanic ecosystems. Modelling studies indicate that such effects are likely to be more pronounced in the North Atlantic and that this region plays a key role in the climate of the world (e.g. solubility and biological pumps). The continuation of funding by the USA will help maintain the CPR routes in the western Atlantic from Iceland and down the eastern margin of the USA. Standardized methodologies will continue to be used in the survey. More than 200,000 samples have been analyzed into ~500 different taxa of zoo and phytoplankton over the more than 5 million miles that have now been towed since 1931. New breakthroughs have demonstrated the potential to apply molecular analysis and calibrate remote sensing products with CPR data. Products from the survey are also being used to construct and validate a new generation of ecosystem, fishery and climate models. SAHFOS holds a unique global expertise in taxonomy and other survey skills and is an active promoter of oceanographic education with sophisticated expertise in Knowledge Transfer. As a long-term program the main objective of the CPR program is to maintain the spatial and temporal integrity of the survey and to continue to add further years to the time series. Other objectives include: the development of an improved understanding of mechanisms behind observed decadal and shorter period spatial and temporal variability and the interpretation of hydrobiological variability and biodiversity within the context of global and climate change in marine ecosystems. Central to the aims of SAHFOS is the promotion of the CPR approach within international programs such as GOOS, GLOBEC and IMBER.