U.S. GLOBEC: Broad-Scale Patterns of the Distribution of Zooplankton and Nekton in Relation to Micro- to Coarse-Scale Physical Structure in the Georges Bank Region

作为美国GLOBEC NW Atlantic/Georges Bank研究的一部分，Wiebe博士和合作者将使用配备多频声学，生物光学和物理传感器系统的拖曳体来确定Georges Bank上浮游动物和游泳动物种群的大规模分布。 主要的重点是使高分辨率的测量体积后向散射和目标强度的浮游生物和游泳生物在整个乔治银行地区，补充光学和物理数据，提供一个多维的基础上的生物量的空间分布的估计和大小频率的声学目标，跨越的目标物种（鳕鱼，黑线鳕，哲水蚤，伪哲水蚤）和它们的捕食者的大小范围。 多频率、多波束系统将提供对体积后向散射和目标强度的高空间分辨率估计。 生物光学系统将提供浮游生物的高分辨率视频图像，这些图像将用于确定被拖曳体附近沿着轨迹的分类群的相对组成和大小分布。 这些数据与理论模型一起将被用来解释有意义的生物学特性，如生物量和尺寸分布方面的声学数据。 物理传感器将提供有关银行环境的细到粗尺度的物理结构的信息，以及与捕食者-猎物相互作用相关的微观结构。声学测量可以直接与浮游生物和游泳生物的光学和网收集产生的数据有关。 声学空间图和时间序列也将提供在海岸的物理海洋学条件和物种的生物分布之间的必要联系，这些物种的生物分布是从分布在整个乔治海岸地区的站的净收集中确定的。

As part of the U.S. GLOBEC NW Atlantic/Georges Bank study, Dr. Wiebe and collaborators will determine the broad-scale distribution of zooplankton and nekton populations on Georges Bank using a towed body equipped with multiple frequency acoustical, bio-optical, and physical sensor systems. The primary focus is on making high-resolution measurements of volume backscattering and target strength of plankton and nekton throughout the Georges Bank region, complemented with optical and physical data, to provide a multi-dimensional base of estimates of the spatial distribution of biomass and size frequency of acoustical targets which span the size range of the target species (cod, haddock, Calanus, and Pseudocalanus) and their predators. The multi-frequency, multi-beam system will provide high spatial resolution estimates of volume backscattering and target strength. The bio-optical system will provide high resolution video images of the plankton which will be used to determine the relative composition and size distribution of the taxa along the tracklines in the immediate vicinity of the towed body. These data together with theoretical models will be used to interpret the acoustical data in terms of meaningful biological properties, such as biomass and size distribution. The physical sensors will provide the information about fine to coarse-scale physical structure of the Bank environment and also the micro-structure relevant to predator-prey interactions. The acoustic measurements can be directly related to the data generated by the optical and net collections of plankton and nekton. The acoustical spatial maps and time-series will also provide essential linkage between the physical oceanographic conditions on the Bank and the biological distributions of the species as determined from the net collections at the stations distributed throughout the Georges Bank region.