US-Turkey Workshop: Comparative studies of the North Anatolian Fault (northwest Turkey) and the San Andreas Fault (southern California); Istanbul, Turkey; August, 2006

美国-土耳其研讨会：北安纳托利亚断层（土耳其西北部）和圣安德烈亚斯断层（加利福尼亚州南部）的比较研究；

• 批准号: 0624039
• 负责人: Marie-Helene Cormier
• 金额: $ 4.65万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0624039&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; Turkey; Workshop; Comparative; studies

0624039CromierScope: This proposal is to support a US-Turkey Workshop: Comparative studies of the North Anatolian Fault and the San Andreas Fault, to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, August 14-16, 2006. The U.S. organizers are Dr. Marie Cormier, Dr. Leonardo Seeber and Dr. Christopher Sorlien, all of the Columbia University Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, New York. The foreign organizer is Dr. Naci Gorur, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. The San Andreas Fault in California and the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey are two major continental transform faults that share many characteristics. Both fault systems are right-lateral transforms that slip at rates of 20-35 mm/yr and endanger metropolitan areas with huge populations: Los Angeles (17 million) and Istanbul (13 million). The workshop will be followed by a two-day field trip. The objectives are: initiate comparative studies of the North Anatolian Fault and the San Andreas Fault; formalize collaborations between the Southern California Research Center and a consortium of research institutions in Turkey; plan multinational projects designed to improve seismic hazard assessments in southern California and northwest Turkey. The participation in this workshop of about 30 American scientists together with Turkish and other international scientists investigating the North Anatolian fault will allow innovative research strategies to be discussed.INTELLECTUAL MERITS: By encouraging comparative studies between two major continental transform faults, this workshop will shed new light on the following key issues in earthquake science: What processes account for the differences between geodetic (decadal) and geologic (millennia to millions of years) slip rates? Does fault slip alternate between strands in a branching fault system, does it remain steady state along each strand, or do parallel strands activate and deactivate on a millennium time-scale? To what extent do continental transform faults localize on pre-existing structures? What mechanisms and what fault geometries are responsible for the deep sedimentary basins or high mountains that develop along transform faults? Does the geometrical segmentation of a fault control the segmentation of earthquake ruptures? Can faults defined by seismicity at mid-crustal level be reliably projected into faults defined at upper-crustal level from seismic reflection data or at the surface from geological mapping? Does complex fault geometry favor the nucleation of earthquakes, producing heterogeneous stress conditions and high-frequency seismic energy? Comparative studies will be aided by the existence for southern California of community fault and 3D seismic velocity models that also include GPS surface velocity and relocated seismicity including focal mechanisms. One objective of the workshop will be to discuss strategies for developing a similar digital representation for the North Anatolian Fault, so that both fault systems can be quantitatively compared.BROADER IMPACTS: Seismic hazard can only be anticipated, not reduced, and its characterization is the key to earthquake risk assessment and loss reduction. Any project that strives to characterize the seismotectonic activity near Istanbul and Los Angeles is highly societally relevant, considering that both regions are so densely populated and key centers of economic activity. This workshop will help launch new multinational research projects that will provide better earthquake forecast, better estimate of strong ground motions, and better technology for early warning. All these have the potential to substantially reduce earthquake losses. Several graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and women scientists will be supported for participating in the workshop.

CromierScope：这项建议是为了支持将于2006年8月14日至16日在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行的美国-土耳其研讨会：北安纳托利亚断层和圣安德烈亚斯断层的比较研究。美国的组织者是玛丽·科米尔博士、莱昂纳多·西伯博士和克里斯托弗·索连博士，他们都是位于纽约帕利塞德斯的哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特·多尔蒂地球天文台的成员。外国组织者是土耳其伊斯坦布尔伊斯坦布尔技术大学的Naci Gorur博士。加利福尼亚州的圣安德烈亚斯断层和土耳其的北安纳托利亚断层是两个具有许多共同特征的主要大陆转换断层。这两个断层系统都是以每年20-35毫米的速度滑动的右侧变形，并危及人口众多的大都市地区：洛杉矶(1700万)和伊斯坦布尔(1300万)。研讨会结束后，将进行为期两天的实地考察。目标是：启动对北安纳托利亚断层和圣安德烈亚斯断层的比较研究；正式确定南加州研究中心与土耳其研究机构联盟之间的合作；计划旨在改善加利福尼亚州南部和土耳其西北部地震危险评估的多国项目。大约30名美国科学家与土耳其和其他研究北安纳托利亚断层的国际科学家一起参加了这次研讨会，这将使人们能够讨论创新的研究策略。实际优点：通过鼓励两个主要大陆转换断层之间的比较研究，这次研讨会将阐明地震科学中的下列关键问题：是什么过程解释了大地(十年)和地质(几千年到几百万年)滑移率之间的差异？在分支断层系统中，断层滑动是否在两股之间交替，沿着每一股是否保持稳定状态，或者平行股是否在千年时间尺度上激活和停用？大陆转换断层在多大程度上位于先前存在的构造上？沿着转换断层发育的深部沉积盆地或高山，是由什么机制和断层几何形状造成的？断层的几何分段是否控制了地震破裂的分段？由中地壳地震活动确定的断层能否可靠地投射到由地震反射数据确定的上地壳级别的断层或由地质填图确定的地表断层？复杂的断层几何形状是否有利于地震的成核，产生不均匀的应力条件和高频地震能量？比较研究将有助于南加州社区断层和三维地震速度模型的存在，该模型还包括GPS地表速度和重新定位的地震活动，包括震源机制。研讨会的目标之一将是讨论为北安纳托利亚断层开发类似数字表示的战略，以便能够对两个断层系统进行定量比较。任何努力描述伊斯坦布尔和洛杉矶附近地震构造活动的项目都具有高度的社会相关性，因为这两个地区人口如此稠密，也是经济活动的关键中心。这次研讨会将帮助启动新的多国研究项目，这些项目将提供更好的地震预报、更好的强地面运动估计和更好的早期预警技术。所有这些都有可能大幅减少地震损失。将支持几名研究生、博士后研究人员和女科学家参加研讨会。