HSD: Collaborative Research: Social Complexity and the Management of the Commons

HSD：合作研究：社会复杂性和公地管理

• 批准号: 0624297
• 负责人: David Bennett
• 金额: $ 19.84万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-10-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0624297&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HSD; Collaborative; Research; Social; Complexity

Collaborative ProposalsSES-0624297David BennettUniversity of IowaSES-0624141Paul RobbinsUniversity of ArizonaSES-0624292David McGinnisMontana State University-BillingsSES-0624066Catherine KlingIowa State UniversityThis research will study the mechanisms by which place-based decision-making leads to changes in the management of commonly held ecosystem services. The "commons" is broadly defined to mean services produced at landscape-scales and valued beyond the spatial bounds of an individual's parcel of land. In 2003 a special issue of Science was published devoted to Garret Hardin's thought provoking 1968 article "The Tragedy of the Commons." The contributing authors concluded that society can, and often does, avoid Hardin's most dire predictions of resource overexploitation through social and institutional organization. Humans institutionalize compromise, cooperation, and accommodation to produce desirable and sustainable outcomes and the management of problems as far ranging as fisheries, irrigation, and air pollution are increasingly understood as amenable to collective action. Compromise, cooperation, and accommodation are most easily produced when communities share common objectives and views about the environment. Increased mobility and affluence has led to an era when cultural and economic demands for ecosystem services (e.g., food, clean water, wildlife, recreational opportunities and scenic beauty) are in a state of profound transition as new stakeholders make claims on resources traditionally managed by totally differing communities and constituencies. The fundamental question becomes not whether humans can institutionalize solutions to problems in their local and global commons, but what drives changes in the way common pool resources are valued, used and managed and what impact these changes have on the social, economic, and biophysical character of a region. This research will consider endogenous and exogenous agents of change (e.g., socio-demographic, economic, climatic) that drive these decision-making processes and, thus, develop a better understanding of the ways diverse and politically divided socio-economic constituencies come to settle on new power configurations and craft new common property management institutions. Of central interest are the processes by which humans organize through coalition and consensus building to increase their political power and amplify their own voice in resource allocation decisions. Through surveys and interviews this study addresses fundamental questions about: 1) Differences in the way social and economic groups value economic and non-economic services produced through the management of landscapes; 2) Endogenous and exogenous agents of change that affect these values; and 3) Power relationships among, individuals, coalitions, and public decision-makers. Statistical and agent-based models based on the data produced through surveys and interview, will be developed to evaluate the efficacy with which the will of the people is transformed into changing land use practices and, thus, the production of ecosystem services (i.e., how well production reflects demand). Four working hypotheses about the relation between place-based decision making and the production of ecosystem services will be explored (optimal, lagged, episodic, and emergent). The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) provides the setting for this investigation into common pool ecosystem services but the results of will be generalizable to other group-based decision-making where individuals attempt to maximize their own benefit through collaboration and compromise.Broader ImpactsThis study seeks to understand the way diverse and politically divided socio-economic constituencies settle on new configurations of power and craft new common property management institutions. Such an understanding will provide valuable insight into important transformational processes that are occurring throughout the U.S. West and other places where high-value amenity-based environments are emerging from traditional agricultural uses. More practically, the data and models produced by this research can be used to evaluate the sustainability and efficacy of current natural resources management practices and identify opportunities for compromise and consensus building. Finally, this research provides an excellent opportunity to educate a new generation of scientists on the challenges and considerable rewards

合作提案SES-0624297大卫贝内特爱荷华大学SES-0624141保罗罗宾斯亚利桑那大学SES-0624292大卫麦金尼斯蒙大拿州立大学比林斯SES-0624066凯瑟琳克林爱荷华州立大学这项研究将研究的机制，其中基于地方的决策导致共同持有的生态系统服务的管理变化。 “公地”的广义定义是指以同等规模生产的服务，其价值超出个人土地的空间界限。2003年，《科学》杂志出版了一期特刊，专门介绍加勒特哈丁1968年发表的发人深省的文章《公地的悲剧》。作者的结论是，社会可以，而且经常这样做，避免哈丁的最可怕的预测资源过度开采通过社会和机构组织。 人类将妥协、合作和通融制度化，以产生理想的、可持续的结果，而对渔业、灌溉和空气污染等问题的管理越来越被理解为可以采取集体行动。当社区对环境有共同的目标和观点时，最容易产生妥协、合作和通融。 流动性和富裕程度的提高导致了一个对生态系统服务的文化和经济需求（例如，由于新的利益攸关方对传统上由完全不同的社区和选区管理的资源提出要求，因此，这些资源（包括粮食、清洁水、野生动植物、娱乐机会和风景秀丽）正处于深刻的过渡状态。 根本的问题不是人类是否能够将解决地方和全球公域问题的办法制度化，而是什么推动了对公域资源的估价、使用和管理方式的变化，以及这些变化对一个区域的社会、经济和生物物理特征产生了什么影响。 这项研究将考虑变化的内源性和外源性因素（例如，社会-人口、经济、气候），推动这些决策进程，从而更好地了解不同和政治上分裂的社会-经济群体如何确定新的权力结构和建立新的共同财产管理机构。 核心利益是人类通过联盟和建立共识来组织起来，以增加他们的政治权力并扩大他们在资源分配决策中的声音。通过调查和访谈，本研究解决了以下基本问题：1）社会和经济群体对景观管理所产生的经济和非经济服务的价值方式的差异; 2）影响这些价值的内生和外生变化因素; 3）个人，联盟和公共决策者之间的权力关系。 将根据通过调查和访谈产生的数据，开发统计和基于代理人的模型，以评估将人民的意愿转化为不断变化的土地使用做法，从而产生生态系统服务（即，生产如何反映需求）。 四个工作假设之间的关系，基于地点的决策和生态系统服务的生产将进行探讨（最佳，滞后，情节，和紧急）。 大黄石生态系统（GYE）为本研究提供了对公共池生态系统服务的背景，但研究结果将推广到其他基于群体的决策，其中个人试图通过合作和妥协来最大化自己的利益。经济选区决定新的权力配置，并建立新的共同财产管理机构。 这样的理解将提供有价值的洞察到重要的转型过程，正在发生在整个美国西部和其他地方，高价值的舒适为基础的环境正在从传统的农业用途。 更实际的是，本研究产生的数据和模型可用于评估当前自然资源管理实践的可持续性和有效性，并确定妥协和建立共识的机会。 最后，这项研究提供了一个极好的机会，教育新一代科学家的挑战和可观的回报