Collaborative Research: The carbon balance of Lake Superior: Modeling lake processes and understanding impacts on the regional carbon budget

合作研究：苏必利尔湖的碳平衡：模拟湖泊过程并了解对区域碳预算的影响

• 批准号: 0628560
• 负责人: Galen McKinley
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-10-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0628560&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; carbon; balance; Lake

The North American Carbon Program (NACP) intends (1) to develop quantitative scientific knowledge, robust observations, and models to determine emissions and uptake of CO2, CH4 and CO, changes in carbon stocks, and factors regulating these processes for North America and adjacent ocean basins; and (2) to develop the scientific basis for full carbon accounting on regional and continental scales. The Laurentian GreatLakes cover 25% of the land area of the 8 Great Lakes states, and CO2 emission and seasonal cycling from them may be comparable to local terrestrial ecosystems. Though their contributions to the regional carbon balance may be significant, these fluxes are currently poorly understood. CO2 fluxes from Lake Superior are of particular interest because they may directly impact observations at nearby AmeriFlux towers, yet due to the current lack of quantification, Lake Superior fluxes are presently neglected in analysis of these data.Motivated by the need for improved knowledge of Great Lake CO2 fluxes, this project will couple an ecosystem-carbon module with an existing hydrodynamic model of Lake Superior. This model will lead to estimates of the air-water CO2 fluxes and their spatial and temporal variability. New observations to improve knowledge of carbon cycling in winter and to constrain the model will also be obtained. With model output, the impact of Lake Superior CO2 fluxes on observations at AmeriFlux towers and on the regional carbon budget will be evaluated. The five key research questions are:1. What is the magnitude of the air-water carbon flux in Lake Superior?2. How are the fluxes influenced by variability in the physical climate?3. How does Lake Superior's carbon cycle behave in winter?4. What are the most important uncertainties in the Lake Superior carbon budget?5. How do Lake Superior carbon fluxes impact the regional carbon budget?This project brings together an interdisciplinary team to improve understanding of the "complex relationships between and within the global water and carbon cycles". By jointly considering coastal carbon processing and terrestrial carbon budgets, this project addresses research priorities of both the Ocean and Earth Sciences divisions.Broader ImpactsThis project will address fundamental questions about the upper Midwest carbon budget, improve knowledge of coastal carbon cycling, and generate a set of research priorities for future study of Great Lakes. Two students and one postdoc will learn about Lake Superior carbon cycling using data and models, and the project will increase regional collaborations for Great Lakes carbon science. Undergraduates from under-represented groups will actively participate in the project through MTU's REU program. The team will also work to communicate their findings to the general public.

北美碳计划（NACP）旨在（1）发展定量科学知识、可靠的观测和模型，以确定北美和邻近海洋盆地的CO2、CH 4和CO的排放和吸收、碳储存的变化以及调节这些过程的因素;（2）为区域和大陆尺度的全面碳核算奠定科学基础。劳伦森大湖覆盖了8个五大湖州25%的土地面积，其二氧化碳排放量和季节循环可能与当地陆地生态系统相当。虽然它们对区域碳平衡的贡献可能很大，但目前对这些通量的了解甚少。上级湖的CO2通量是特别感兴趣的，因为他们可能会直接影响附近的AmeriFlux塔的观测，但由于目前缺乏量化，上级湖通量目前被忽略在这些data.Motivated分析需要改进的知识大湖CO2通量，该项目将耦合生态系统碳模块与现有的水动力学模型上级湖。该模型将导致空气-水CO2通量及其空间和时间变化的估计。还将获得新的观测结果，以提高对冬季碳循环的认识，并约束模型。通过模型输出，将评估苏必利尔湖上级CO2通量对AmeriFlux塔观测和区域碳预算的影响。五个关键研究问题是：1。上级湖空气-水碳通量的大小是多少？2.物理气候的变化如何影响通量？3.苏必利尔湖上级的碳循环在冬季表现如何？4.苏必利尔湖上级碳预算中最重要的不确定性是什么？5.苏必利尔湖上级碳通量如何影响区域碳收支？该项目汇集了一个跨学科的团队，以提高对“全球水和碳循环之间和内部的复杂关系”的理解。通过共同考虑沿海碳处理和陆地碳预算，该项目解决了海洋和地球科学部门的研究重点。更广泛的影响这个项目将解决有关上中西部碳预算的基本问题，提高沿海碳循环的知识，并产生一套研究重点为今后的研究五大湖。两名学生和一名博士后将使用数据和模型了解苏必利尔湖的碳循环，该项目将增加五大湖碳科学的区域合作。来自代表性不足群体的本科生将通过MTU的REU计划积极参与该项目。该小组还将努力向公众宣传他们的调查结果。