AToL: Collaborative Research: Resolving Mammalian Phylogeny with Genomic and Morphological Approaches

美国自然历史博物馆，EF 0629811 Murphy，William J.，德克萨斯农工大学研究基金会，EF 0629849 O‘Leary，Maureen A.，纽约州立大学石溪分校，EF 0629836 Luo，Zhe-xi，卡内基研究所，EF 0629959 Springer，Mark，University。加州，河滨，EF 0629860摘要目前在这个星球上繁衍生息的无数生物群体中，只有几个有化石记录，记录了它们的进化历史。哺乳动物就是其中之一，它是已知的约5000个现存物种，分布在1135个活的属中，包括我们自己的人类谱系，以及4000多个已灭绝的属，化石属与活的属的比例为4：1，这在生物群的其他地方很难与之匹敌。哺乳动物在大小、形状和适应能力上表现出惊人的范围。它们与人类的健康、福利和经验密切相关。如果没有哺乳动物的全面系统发育，所有生命的树都不能被认为是完整的。这一信念激发了古生物学、比较解剖学和分子生物学领域的研究热潮。尽管取得了这些重大进展，但哺乳动物系统发育的许多方面仍未解决或极具争议，甚至在哺乳动物树上的一些主要分支点也是如此。PIS建议检查135个现存科的物种样本，其中约350个灭绝科中的大多数，并将此样本扩展到包含500个现存属和近500个灭绝属的属级数据集，以进行基因和形态的联合分析。他们的分子团队将继续采样分类群，以实现覆盖Murid(大鼠、小鼠和近亲)和松鼠(松鼠)以外所有活着的属的95%的目标。作为特征证据，PI计划从34个基因中提取30Kb的基因序列样本，用于所有活着的家庭中的至少一个样本。对于该项目的较大的通用级别阶段，他们将采样至少6Kb的序列。词形学家将收集预计的2000个字符。哺乳动物大范围系统发育的完成将为进化和比较生物学提供一个模式系统，在保护和野生动物管理、人类健康、生物医学等领域有着广泛的应用。此外，PIS打算为哺乳动物角色编制一个综合的和丰富的图像数据库，并通过培训计划和网络资源将其转换为用于保护管理、教育和推广的强大工具包。

AToL: Collaborative Research: Resolving Mammalian Phylogeny with Genomic and Morphological ApproachesNovacek, Michael J., American Museum of Natural History, EF 0629811 Murphy, William J., Texas A & M Research Foundation, EF 0629849 O'Leary, Maureen A., SUNY Stony Brook, EF 0629836 Luo, Zhe-Xi, Carnegie Institute, EF 0629959 Springer, Mark, Univ. California, Riverside, EF 0629860 AbstractOnly a few of the myriad biological groups now thriving on this planet have fossil records that chronicle their evolutionary past. One of these few is Mammalia, known from about 5,000 extant species distributed among 1135 living genera, including our own human lineage, and more than 4,000 extinct genera, a four-to-one ratio of fossil genera to living genera that can hardly be matched elsewhere in the biota. Mammals display a spectacular range in size, form, and adaptations. They are closely linked to human health, welfare, and experience. No tree of all life could be regarded as complete without a comprehensive phylogeny of Mammalia. This conviction has inspired a surge of work in paleontology, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology. Despite these significant gains, many aspects of mammalian phylogeny are unresolved or highly controversial, even at some of the major branching points on the mammalian tree. PIs propose to examine species exemplars for 135 extant families, the majority of some 350 extinct families, and to extend this sample to a generic-level data set of 500 extant and nearly 500 extinct genera for combined analysis of genes and morphology. Their molecular team will continue to sample taxa toward a goal of covering 95% of all living genera outside the murids (rats, mice, and kin) and sciurids (squirrels). For character evidence, PIs plan to sample 30Kb in gene sequences from 34 genes for at least one exemplar of all living families. For the larger generic-level phases of the project, they will sample at least 6Kb of sequence. Morphologists will collect a projected 2,000 characters. Completion of a broad scale phylogeny for mammals will provide a model system in evolutionary and comparative biology with numerous applications in conservation and wildlife management, human health, biomedicine, and other areas. In addition, PIs intend to compile an integrated and image rich database for mammalian characters and convert it into a powerful toolkit for conservation management, education, and outreach through training programs and web resources.