IPY: Development of a Network of Permafrost Observatories in North America and Russia: The US Contribution to the International Polar Year

IPY：北美和俄罗斯永久冻土观测站网络的发展：美国对国际极地年的贡献

• 批准号: 0632400
• 负责人: Vladimir Romanovsky
• 金额: $ 94.53万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-15 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0632400&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IPY; Development; Network; Permafrost; Observatories

This proposal will formally link approximately 66 Alaskan boreholes with similar sets of observations in other countries and in so doing will formally initiate the International Network of Permafrost Observatories (INPO). The work entailed will coordinate data collection using standard equipment and protocols at the Alaskan borehole sites and at a select and comparable number of Russian borehole sites. The Alaskan and Russian borehole temperature data sets will provide the baseline needed to (1) reconstruct past surface temperatures, (2) assess the future rates of change in near-surface permafrost temperatures and permafrost boundaries, and (3) provide spatial data for validation of climate scenario models and temperature reanalysis approaches. This proposal requests support for permafrost long-term measurements and related activities for a three-year period encompassing the IPY period, including provisions for (a) the upgrade and maintenance of the existing Alaskan and Russian borehole sites, and (b) technological, logistical and operational support of observations at sites selected in Russia. This proposal shall constitute the US contribution to the proposed International Polar Year Thermal State of Permafrost (IPY/TSP) project. It proposes to measure temperatures in a large number of globally distributed boreholes in order to provide a "snapshot" of permafrost temperatures in both time and space. Education and training are stated goals of this project given there are fewer than ten government and academic researchers dealing with the acquisition and analysis of permafrost temperatures within the US. In addition, this proposal provides for the training of several young specialists, and intends to pursue the establishment of permafrost curricula with field sites in both Alaska and Russia and exchange of students; for example, with Tyumen State Oil and Gas University and the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS). The researchers' experience will also be applied to local community concerns about degrading permafrost both in Alaska and Russia.

该提案将正式将阿拉斯加大约66个钻孔与其他国家的类似观测系统连接起来，从而正式启动国际永久冻土观测站网络（INPO）。所涉工作将在阿拉斯加钻井地点和选定的数量相当的俄罗斯钻井地点利用标准设备和协议协调数据收集工作。阿拉斯加和俄罗斯的钻孔温度数据集将提供所需的基线，以（1）重建过去的地表温度，（2）评估近地表永久冻土温度和永久冻土边界的未来变化率，（3）为气候情景模型和温度再分析方法的验证提供空间数据。 该提案要求为包括国际冻土年期间在内的三年期永久冻土长期测量和相关活动提供支助，包括（a）对阿拉斯加和俄罗斯现有钻孔地点进行升级和维护，以及（B）为俄罗斯选定地点的观测提供技术、后勤和业务支助。本提案应构成美国对拟议的国际极地年冻土热状态（IPY/TSP）项目的贡献。它建议在全球分布的大量钻孔中测量温度，以便提供永久冻土温度在时间和空间上的“快照”。 教育和培训是该项目的既定目标，因为在美国，只有不到10名政府和学术研究人员在处理永久冻土温度的获取和分析。此外，该建议还规定培训几名年轻的专家，并打算与阿拉斯加和俄罗斯的实地建立永久冻土课程，并交换学生;例如，与秋明国立石油和天然气大学和斯瓦尔巴特大学中心（UNIS）。研究人员的经验也将应用于当地社区对阿拉斯加和俄罗斯永久冻土退化的担忧。