IPY: Development of a Network of Permafrost Observatories in North America and Russia: The US Contribution to the International Polar Year

这项提议将把阿拉斯加大约66个钻孔与其他国家的类似观测资料正式联系起来，这样做将正式启动国际永久冻土观测站网络。所需要的工作将协调在阿拉斯加钻孔场址和在选定的数目相当的俄罗斯钻孔场址使用标准设备和协议收集数据。阿拉斯加和俄罗斯钻孔温度数据集将提供以下方面所需的基线：(1)重建过去的地表温度；(2)评估未来近地表永久冻土温度和永久冻土边界的变化率；(3)为验证气候情景模型和温度再分析方法提供空间数据。该提案要求支持包括国际极地年在内的三年期间的永久冻土长期测量和相关活动，包括提供(a)对现有阿拉斯加和俄罗斯钻孔场址的升级和维护，以及(b)对在俄罗斯选定场址进行观测的技术、后勤和业务支助。该提案将构成美国对拟议的国际极地年永久冻土热状态（IPY/TSP）项目的贡献。它建议在全球分布的大量钻孔中测量温度，以便在时间和空间上提供永久冻土温度的“快照”。教育和培训是该项目的既定目标，因为在美国从事永久冻土温度采集和分析的政府和学术研究人员不到10人。此外，这项建议规定培训几名年轻的专家，并打算在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯设立永久冻土课程，并交换学生；例如，与秋明州立石油和天然气大学以及斯瓦尔巴大学中心（UNIS）合作。研究人员的经验也将应用于当地社区对阿拉斯加和俄罗斯永久冻土退化的担忧。

This proposal will formally link approximately 66 Alaskan boreholes with similar sets of observations in other countries and in so doing will formally initiate the International Network of Permafrost Observatories (INPO). The work entailed will coordinate data collection using standard equipment and protocols at the Alaskan borehole sites and at a select and comparable number of Russian borehole sites. The Alaskan and Russian borehole temperature data sets will provide the baseline needed to (1) reconstruct past surface temperatures, (2) assess the future rates of change in near-surface permafrost temperatures and permafrost boundaries, and (3) provide spatial data for validation of climate scenario models and temperature reanalysis approaches. This proposal requests support for permafrost long-term measurements and related activities for a three-year period encompassing the IPY period, including provisions for (a) the upgrade and maintenance of the existing Alaskan and Russian borehole sites, and (b) technological, logistical and operational support of observations at sites selected in Russia. This proposal shall constitute the US contribution to the proposed International Polar Year Thermal State of Permafrost (IPY/TSP) project. It proposes to measure temperatures in a large number of globally distributed boreholes in order to provide a "snapshot" of permafrost temperatures in both time and space. Education and training are stated goals of this project given there are fewer than ten government and academic researchers dealing with the acquisition and analysis of permafrost temperatures within the US. In addition, this proposal provides for the training of several young specialists, and intends to pursue the establishment of permafrost curricula with field sites in both Alaska and Russia and exchange of students; for example, with Tyumen State Oil and Gas University and the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS). The researchers' experience will also be applied to local community concerns about degrading permafrost both in Alaska and Russia.