IPY: Development of a Network of Permafrost Observatories in North America and Russia: The US Contribution to the International Polar Year

IPY：北美和俄罗斯永久冻土观测站网络的发展：美国对国际极地年的贡献

• 批准号: 0632400
• 负责人: Vladimir Romanovsky
• 金额: $ 94.53万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-15 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0632400&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IPY; Development; Network; Permafrost; Observatories

This proposal will formally link approximately 66 Alaskan boreholes with similar sets of observations in other countries and in so doing will formally initiate the International Network of Permafrost Observatories (INPO). The work entailed will coordinate data collection using standard equipment and protocols at the Alaskan borehole sites and at a select and comparable number of Russian borehole sites. The Alaskan and Russian borehole temperature data sets will provide the baseline needed to (1) reconstruct past surface temperatures, (2) assess the future rates of change in near-surface permafrost temperatures and permafrost boundaries, and (3) provide spatial data for validation of climate scenario models and temperature reanalysis approaches. This proposal requests support for permafrost long-term measurements and related activities for a three-year period encompassing the IPY period, including provisions for (a) the upgrade and maintenance of the existing Alaskan and Russian borehole sites, and (b) technological, logistical and operational support of observations at sites selected in Russia. This proposal shall constitute the US contribution to the proposed International Polar Year Thermal State of Permafrost (IPY/TSP) project. It proposes to measure temperatures in a large number of globally distributed boreholes in order to provide a "snapshot" of permafrost temperatures in both time and space. Education and training are stated goals of this project given there are fewer than ten government and academic researchers dealing with the acquisition and analysis of permafrost temperatures within the US. In addition, this proposal provides for the training of several young specialists, and intends to pursue the establishment of permafrost curricula with field sites in both Alaska and Russia and exchange of students; for example, with Tyumen State Oil and Gas University and the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS). The researchers' experience will also be applied to local community concerns about degrading permafrost both in Alaska and Russia.

这项提议将把阿拉斯加的大约66个钻孔与其他国家的类似观测结果正式联系起来，这样做将正式启动永久冻土观测站国际网络。这项工作将使用标准设备和协议在阿拉斯加的井点和在选定的相当数量的俄罗斯井点协调数据收集。阿拉斯加和俄罗斯的钻孔温度数据集将提供所需的基线，以(1)重建过去的地表温度，(2)评估近地表永久冻土温度和永久冻土边界的未来变化率，以及(3)为验证气候情景模型和温度再分析方法提供空间数据。这项提议要求在包括国际地球年期间的三年期间为永久冻土长期测量和相关活动提供支助，包括(A)升级和维护现有的阿拉斯加和俄罗斯井址，以及(B)在俄罗斯选定的地点为观测提供技术、后勤和业务支助。本提案应构成美国对拟议的国际极地年永久冻土热状态(IPY/TSP)项目的贡献。它建议测量大量全球分布的钻孔中的温度，以便提供永久冻土温度在时间和空间上的“快照”。教育和培训是这个项目的明确目标，因为在美国，从事永久冻土温度采集和分析的政府和学术研究人员不到10人。此外，这项建议还规定培训几名年轻的专家，并打算在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯的实地地点设立永久冻土课程，并交换学生；例如，与秋明国立石油天然气大学和斯瓦尔巴群岛大学中心(UNIS)合作。研究人员的经验也将应用于阿拉斯加和俄罗斯当地社区对永久冻土退化的担忧。