SHINE: Nonlinear Electrostatic Structures in the Interplanetary Medium

在太阳风中以及在行星激波、磁晕和磁鞘等边界上观察到了孤立电场脉冲形式的非线性静电结构。对这些非线性结构的研究将集中在两个主要任务上：(1)对观测到的脉冲进行解析建模，研究其稳态特性，并通过数值演化了解其动力学特性；(2)从探索行星际介质的飞行任务中识别现有和新数据集中的孤立电场脉冲，为理论分析提供观测输入和约束。此外，这项研究试图通过建立它们在理论和观测领域的性质来解决这些非线性脉冲的重要意义。由于行星际介质中的等离子体在很大程度上是无碰撞的，因此对孤立结构的研究对于理解无碰撞等离子体如何自洽地支持非线性波具有基本价值。

Nonlinear, electrostatic structures in the form of isolated electric field pulses have been observed in the solar wind and at boundaries such as planetary shocks, magnetopauses, and magnetosheaths. This study of these nonlinear structures will focus on two main tasks: (i) to analytically model the observed pulses, study their steady-state properties, and numerically evolve the solutions to learn their dynamical properties, and (ii) to identify isolated electric field pulses in the existing and new data sets from missions that explore the interplanetary medium to provide observational input and constraints for the theoretical analysis. In addition, this investigation seeks to address the significance of these nonlinear pulses by establishing their properties in the theoretical and observational domains. As the plasma in the interplanetary medium is largely collisionless, this study of solitary structures has fundamental value for understanding how collisionless plasma self-consistently support nonlinear waves.