CAREER: Vehicle Fleet as a Distributed Energy Storage System for the Power Grid

由于石油价格上涨和环境影响，提高能源效率和环境保护是未来能源应用的主要挑战。混合动力汽车（HEV）和发电等快速发展的技术是将效率、可靠性、安全性、安全性和环境友好性纳入能源系统的新兴需求的最佳例子。在传统的能源应用中，由于电源和负载动态特性之间缺乏适当的匹配，因此无法将运行条件保持在最佳点。已经证明，采用能量存储系统提高了发电以及车辆的动力传动系的效率和可靠性。本CAREER提案将调查两个系统集成的可行性和实施趋势，同时它们都使用相同的储能系统。还将确定未来网络基础设施发展所需的构件、工具和技术。在这个创造性的提议所设想的未来，到2020年，至少有10%的车辆将是带有车载能量存储单元的混合动力汽车。车辆在不使用时插入电网;因此，在充电时，车载能量存储单元将用于电网调节和调峰目的。当车辆在使用中时，存储在车辆中的电能将用于提供部分或全部牵引力。智能电源管理策略和车辆与电网之间的适当通信以及所需的电力电子元件是本提案的主要重点。拟议计划是设计一种新的综合方法来应用能量存储单元在电力系统中。拟议项目的主要智力价值是整合运输和发电部门，以提高两个系统的效率，燃油经济性和可靠性。该任务通过电力电子转换器和通信系统将车辆的车载能量存储单元与电网集成来执行。主要研究者（PI）具有丰富的知识和显著的成就，能够开展拟议的工作。他一直在开发新的本科生和研究生课程，以及实验室在密苏里大学罗拉（UMR）的过程中，拟议的研究和教育活动将提高电力电子和储能系统在电力和能源系统的应用研究，通过整合学习和发现的过程。所有级别的学生都将接触到基于发现的练习和基于创造性研究的教育工具。此外，尖端的研究和科学进步将在课堂，实验室和现场交付。混合动力汽车、可再生能源、燃料电池和电力电子等相关领域的不同研讨会将被设计用于促进高中生、教师、消防队长、护理人员和公众的招聘、培训和专业发展。少数民族学生和女学生将参加拟议的研究和教育活动。将与代表性不足的团体的机构，教师和学生建立合作。该项目还促进了UMR、HEV制造商、电力公司和其他相关大学和研究机构之间的潜在研究合作和交流。拟议项目的另一个影响是识别和建立与其他工程领域（包括计算智能，控制和通信）的最高质量的多学科交互。拟议活动的结果将通过在地方、国家和国际研讨会、会议和讲习班上的介绍、辅导和论文加以传播。还将通过演讲和公共媒体向广大公众、法规官员和政策制定者提供对拟议研究和教育成果的分析、解释和综合，以便在更广泛的背景下进行传播。

Promotion of energy efficiency and environmental protection are major challenges in future energy applications due to the rising prices in petroleum oil and environmental impacts. Rapidly growing technologies such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric power generation are the best examples of the emerging need to incorporate efficiency, reliability, security, safety, and environmentally friendliness into the energy systems. Due to lack of proper matching between the source and load dynamic characteristics, maintaining the operating conditions at optimal point is not possible inconventional energy application. It has been proven that employing energy storage systems improves the efficiency and reliability of the electric power generation as well as power train of the vehicles. This CAREER proposal will investigate the feasibility and implementation trends of integration of the two systems while they both use the same energy storage system. The required building blocks, tools, and technologies for future cyberinfrastructure development will also be identified. In the future envisionedby this creative proposal, by the year 2020, at least ten percent of the vehicles will be in the form of a hybrid car with an onboard energy storage unit. The vehicles are plugged in to the power grid while they are not in use; hence, while being charged, the onboard energy storage unit will be used for the grid regulation and peak load shaving purposes. The electric energy stored in the vehicle will be used to provide parts of or the entire traction force while the vehicle is in use. Intelligent power managementstrategy and proper communications between the vehicle and power grid as well as the required power electronic components are the main focus of this proposal.The proposed plan is to devise a new comprehensive approach to the applications of energy storage units in power systems. The main intellectual merit of the proposed project is to integrate the transportation and electric power generation sectors in order to improve the efficiency, fuel economy, and reliability of both systems. This task is performed via integration of the onboard energy storage units of vehicles with the power grid by power electronic converters and communication systems. The PrincipalInvestigator (PI) has strong knowledge and significant accomplishments to be able to carry out the proposed work. He has been in the process of developing new undergraduate and graduate courses as well as laboratories at the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR).The proposed research and education activities will improve the study of the applications of power electronics and energy storage systems in power and energy systems by integrating the process of learning and discovery. Students at all levels will be exposed to discovery-based exercises and creative research-based educational tools. Furthermore, the cutting edge research and scientific advances will be delivered in the classroom, laboratory, and field. Different workshops in the related fields of hybridvehicles, renewable energy sources, fuel cells, and power electronics will be designed to promote the recruitment, training, and professional development of high school students, teachers, fire marshals, paramedics, and general public. Minority and female students will be included to participate in the proposed research and education activities. Collaborations with institutions, faculty members, and students who are members of underrepresented groups will be established. This project also fosterspotential research collaborations and communications between UMR, HEV manufacturers, power utility companies, and other involved universities and research institutes. Another impact of the proposed project is the identification and establishment of highest quality multi-disciplinary interaction with other fields of engineering including computational intelligence, controls, and communications. The results of theproposed activities will be disseminated through presentations, tutorials and papers at local, national and international seminars, conferences, and workshops. The broader community of general public, code officials, and policy-makers will also be provided with the analysis, interpretation, and synthesis of the proposed research and education results through presentations and public media in order to communicatein a broader context.