CAREER: A Research and Education Program for Studying Particulate-based Tribosystems in Nanotechnology

职业：研究纳米技术中基于颗粒的摩擦系统的研究和教育计划

• 批准号: 0645124
• 负责人: Cecil Higgs
• 金额: $ 40.02万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0645124&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Research; Education; Program; Studying

Much of the excitement surrounding the advent of nanotechnology is due to the elucidation of the behavior of surfaces in relative motion at the topography-scale and below. Understanding the tribology study of friction, lubrication, and wear of the rubbing surfaces from the macro-scale to the nanoscale is of great scientific and industrial relevance. Additionally, when real surfaces under load rub together, wear debris or foreign particles often exist in the fluid (i.e., air or liquid) filled interface. This problem known as "particle-Augmented Mixed Lubrication" (PAML) is very dynamic and hence difficult to predict; yet, it is of great technical importance to the advancement of nanotechnology when the particles are nano-sized or sub-micron. With the explosive growth in computational power, complex particulate-based tribosystems can soon be completely modeled with multi-physics approaches by simulating dynamic processes that evolve over varying length and time scales without simplifying the scope of the problem such as lubrication approximations and globally applied wear rate relations. Consequently, this effort proposes to build a research and education program to study PAML-based tribosystems using a multiphysics modeling approach, with experimental validation, research-based education, and outreach.The intellectual merit of this research program is that a generalized, multi-physics numerical particle augmented mixed lubrication model will be developed in conjunction with a educational program that gives students experience in applying fundamental tribology concepts to a cutting-edge problems in nanotechnology. Because existing models of PAML tribosystems are typically based on single or even dual mathematical physics descriptions, they are unable to capture the relevant PAML phenomena that occur over several length and time scales. For example, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a PAML-based process where a rotating wafer, deposited with thin films, is polished as it is pressed against a rotating pad; the pad is flooded with a chemically reactive slurry with nanoparticles in it. This complex PAML-based problem is one of the most critical steps in the fabrication of nano-enabled devices. As with most PAML processes, attempts to predict its behavior have been inadequate in that they were unable to capture all the relevant physics phenomena occurring over several space scales. Therefore, the proposed research offers a breakthrough modeling approach for PAML systems that will be validated by using chemical mechanical polishing as the experimental test-bed. The proposed research approach consists of three overlapping and related phases: (i) modeling, (ii) validation experiments and characterization, and (iii) research-based education and outreach. In phase I, a numerical multi-physics particle augmented mixed lubrication model will be developed. In phase II, nano-characterization and CMP experiments will be conducted to validate the particle augmented mixed lubrication model. In phase III, a particleassociated tribology simulation tool that employs the PAML modeling approach, will be developed to train students to understand modeling of complex tribological systems.The broader impacts of the proposed work are that the PAML modeling framework will yield fundamental breakthroughs in understanding wear associated particle-based tribology. This will enable advancements in a wide range of technologies such as (i) integrated circuit (IC) and data storage nanotechnology, (ii) total joint replacement, (iii) nanoparticulate/fluid lubrication, (iv) coal flow energy systems, (v) dental tribology, and (vi) other technologies that encounters particles in fluidic environments. The proposed research-based education plan will also broadly impact the tribology community by teaching students to use fundamental tribology models as components to a larger more complex multiphysics tribology problem. Students will have the opportunity to participate in an enhanced tribology course with strategically coordinated assignments designed to teach (1) fundamental tribology problemsolving skills, related to (2) an educational multi-physics tribology simulation tool, where models can be (3) validated by laboratory experiments. Finally, the CAREER research results will be used as materials in pre-college workshops which aim to increase the number of minority students pursuing careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

围绕纳米技术出现的大部分兴奋是由于在地形尺度及以下阐明了表面相对运动中表面的行为。了解从宏观尺度到纳米级的摩擦表面的摩擦，润滑和磨损的摩擦学研究具有很大的科学和工业意义。此外，当负载下的真实表面一起摩擦时，磨损或异物颗粒通常存在于液体（即空气或液体）填充界面中。这个被称为“颗粒化混合润滑”（PAML）的问题非常动态，因此很难预测。然而，当颗粒是纳米大小或亚微米时，这对于纳米技术的发展至关重要。随着计算能力的爆炸性增长，很快就可以通过模拟在不同的长度和时间尺度演化的动态过程来完全建模基于复杂的颗粒物的旋转系统，而不会简化问题的范围，例如润滑近似值和全球施加磨损速度关系。因此，这项努力建议建立一项研究和教育计划，使用多物理学建模方法，通过实验验证，基于研究的教育和宣传研究基于PAML的摩擦系统。该研究计划的智力优点是，广义的多物理学数值数字粒子润滑模型将与一项促进的概念相结合，以结合学生的成本，从而使学生与概念相结合。 纳米技术。由于现有的PAML Tribosystems的模型通常基于单个甚至双数学物理描述，因此它们无法捕获在几个长度和时间尺度上发生的相关PAML现象。例如，化学机械抛光（CMP）是一个基于PAML的过程，在该过程中，旋转的晶圆被薄膜沉积，因为将其压在旋转垫上时，将其抛光。垫子充满了化学反应性的浆液，其中纳米颗粒中有纳米颗粒。这个基于PAML的复杂问题是制造纳米设备的最关键步骤之一。与大多数PAML过程一样，试图预测其行为的尝试是不够的，因为它们无法捕获几个空间尺度上发生的所有相关物理现象。因此，拟议的研究为PAML系统提供了突破性的建模方法，该方法将通过使用化学机械抛光作为实验测试床来验证。提出的研究方法包括三个重叠和相关阶段：（i）建模，（ii）验证实验和表征，以及（iii）基于研究的教育和外展。在第一阶段，将开发数值多物理粒子增强的混合润滑模型。在II阶段，将进行纳米特征和CMP实验，以验证颗粒增强的混合润滑模型。在第三阶段中，将开发出一种采用PAML建模方法的特殊摩擦学模拟工具，以训练学生了解复杂的摩擦学系统的建模。拟议的工作的更广泛的影响是PAML建模框架将在理解磨损相关的粒子植物学中产生基本突破。这将使（i）（i）集成电路（IC）和数据存储纳米技术，（ii）总体置换术，（iii）纳米方面的/流体润滑，（iv）煤流能系统，（v）牙科摩擦学和（vi）其他对其他环境的技术。拟议的基于研究的教育计划还将通过教导学生使用基本摩擦学模型作为更大复杂的多物理摩擦学问题的组成部分，从而广泛影响摩擦学社区。学生将有机会参加增强的摩擦学课程，并通过战略性协调的任务旨在教授（1）与（2）（2）教育多物理学摩擦学模拟工具有关的基本摩擦学解决技能，其中模型可以（3）通过实验室实验验证。最后，职业研究结果将被用作大学前研讨会的材料，旨在增加从事科学，技术，工程和数学职业的少数族裔学生的数量。