Collaborative Research: Southern Ocean Air-Sea CO2 Exchange

合作研究：南大洋海气二氧化碳交换

• 批准号: 0647667
• 负责人: Wade McGillis
• 金额: $ 37.1万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0647667&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Southern; Ocean; Air

In this project, scientists at the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and the University of Connecticut will investigate the CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere in the Southern Ocean as part of the multi-institutional GasEx-3 Experiment. The overall goal of the GasEx-3 process studies will be to determine the dependence of gas exchange on easily measured atmospheric and oceanic variables and derive parameterizations applicable to all regions of the ocean. The focus of this particular contribution to GasEx-3 will be on moderate to high wind speeds where the CO2 flux may be significantly enhanced by wave breaking. For example, the earlier GasEx-98 study suggested a cubic relationship between wind speed and gas transfer velocities above 12 m/s. However, the dearth of data created significant error bars and uncertainty in this relationship. The Southern Ocean is an ideal site to explore this environmental condition where persistent high winds and storms are prevalent. The Southern Ocean and other mid- to high-latitude regions represent the primary oceanic sink of atmospheric CO2 over the global ocean. Consequently, an accurate CO2 flux parameterization in these regions is important for accurate estimates of the global carbon budget, climate model forecasts, and ultimately climate change predictions. This project will have a number of broader impacts including educational and outreach components. Presently at Columbia University and Barnard College (women's college), a number of course offerings expose students to principles of oceanography and applications of advanced environmental field methods. The investigators will develop focused teaching modules on global ocean carbon science problems to be incorporated into curricula. The project will offer unique opportunities for University of Connecticut's undergraduates in a formal Undergraduate Research Apprenticeship Program (URAP) in which freshmen and juniors participate in activities in which they will receive valuable experience that helped them make decisions about careers in science and engineering. The investigators also expect to continue working with the Institute for Science Instruction and Study (ISIS) where this work will be incorporated into the training of K-12 science teachers who will incorporate their research experience into stimulating lesson plans about the very interesting remote regional ecosystem of the Southern Ocean. They will also be involved with K-12 student enrichment directly through the John's Hopkins Center for Talented Youth programs, which actively involves both minority and women participants.

在这个项目中，哥伦比亚大学和康涅狄格大学的Lamont Doherty地球观测站的科学家将调查南大洋海洋和大气之间的二氧化碳交换，作为多机构GasEx-3实验的一部分。GasEx-3过程研究的总体目标将是确定气体交换对容易测量的大气和海洋变量的依赖，并得出适用于海洋所有区域的参数化。对GasEx-3的这一特殊贡献的重点将放在中高风速上，在这种风速下，波浪破碎可能会显著增强二氧化碳通量。例如，早期的GasEx-98研究表明，风速与12米/秒以上的气体传递速度之间存在三次关系。然而，数据的缺乏在这种关系中产生了显著的误差条和不确定性。南大洋是探索这种环境条件的理想地点，那里持续不断的大风和风暴很普遍。南大洋和其他中高纬度地区是全球海洋大气CO2的主要海洋汇。因此，这些区域的准确CO2通量参数化对于全球碳收支的准确估计、气候模式预测以及最终的气候变化预测都非常重要。该项目将产生一些更广泛的影响，包括教育和外联部分。目前，哥伦比亚大学和巴纳德学院（女子学院）开设了许多课程，让学生了解海洋学原理和先进环境领域方法的应用。研究人员将开发关于全球海洋碳科学问题的重点教学模块，并将其纳入课程。该项目将为康涅狄格大学的本科生提供独特的机会，通过正式的本科生研究学徒计划（URAP），新生和大三学生将参与活动，获得宝贵的经验，帮助他们在科学和工程领域做出职业决策。研究人员还希望继续与科学教学与研究研究所（ISIS）合作，在那里，这项工作将被纳入对K-12科学教师的培训，这些教师将把他们的研究经验纳入有关南大洋非常有趣的偏远地区生态系统的刺激性课程计划中。他们还将通过约翰霍普金斯大学青年才俊中心项目直接参与K-12学生的充实，该项目积极吸引少数族裔和女性参与者。