Collaborative Research: Southern Ocean Air-Sea CO2 Exchange

在这个项目中，哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特·多尔蒂地球天文台和康涅狄格大学的科学家们将调查南大洋海洋和大气之间的二氧化碳交换，作为多机构GASEX-3实验的一部分。GASEX-3过程研究的总体目标将是确定气体交换对易于测量的大气和海洋变量的依赖性，并得出适用于所有海洋区域的参数。对GASEX-3的这一特殊贡献的重点将是中到高风速，那里的二氧化碳通量可能会因波浪破碎而显着增强。例如，早期的GASEX-98研究表明，在12米/S以上，风速与气体传输速度之间存在三次关系。然而，数据的缺乏造成了这种关系的显著误差和不确定性。南大洋是探索这种持续强风和风暴盛行的环境条件的理想地点。南大洋和其他中高纬度地区是全球海洋大气二氧化碳的主要海洋汇。因此，在这些地区进行准确的二氧化碳通量参数化对于准确估计全球碳预算、气候模型预测以及最终气候变化预测是非常重要的。该项目将产生一些更广泛的影响，包括教育和外联部分。目前，在哥伦比亚大学和巴纳德学院(女子学院)，开设了一些课程，让学生接触海洋学原理和先进环境野外方法的应用。研究人员将开发关于全球海洋碳科学问题的重点教学模块，并将其纳入课程。该项目将为康涅狄格大学的本科生提供独特的机会，参加正式的本科生研究学徒计划(URAP)，在该计划中，一年级和三年级学生将参加活动，在活动中他们将获得宝贵的经验，帮助他们做出科学和工程职业的决定。调查人员还希望继续与科学教学研究所(ISIS)合作，在那里，这项工作将纳入对K-12科学教师的培训，这些教师将把他们的研究经验纳入关于南大洋非常有趣的偏远区域生态系统的激动人心的教案。他们还将通过约翰·霍普金斯青年才华中心直接参与K-12学生的充实，该项目积极吸引少数族裔和女性参与者。

In this project, scientists at the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and the University of Connecticut will investigate the CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere in the Southern Ocean as part of the multi-institutional GasEx-3 Experiment. The overall goal of the GasEx-3 process studies will be to determine the dependence of gas exchange on easily measured atmospheric and oceanic variables and derive parameterizations applicable to all regions of the ocean. The focus of this particular contribution to GasEx-3 will be on moderate to high wind speeds where the CO2 flux may be significantly enhanced by wave breaking. For example, the earlier GasEx-98 study suggested a cubic relationship between wind speed and gas transfer velocities above 12 m/s. However, the dearth of data created significant error bars and uncertainty in this relationship. The Southern Ocean is an ideal site to explore this environmental condition where persistent high winds and storms are prevalent. The Southern Ocean and other mid- to high-latitude regions represent the primary oceanic sink of atmospheric CO2 over the global ocean. Consequently, an accurate CO2 flux parameterization in these regions is important for accurate estimates of the global carbon budget, climate model forecasts, and ultimately climate change predictions. This project will have a number of broader impacts including educational and outreach components. Presently at Columbia University and Barnard College (women's college), a number of course offerings expose students to principles of oceanography and applications of advanced environmental field methods. The investigators will develop focused teaching modules on global ocean carbon science problems to be incorporated into curricula. The project will offer unique opportunities for University of Connecticut's undergraduates in a formal Undergraduate Research Apprenticeship Program (URAP) in which freshmen and juniors participate in activities in which they will receive valuable experience that helped them make decisions about careers in science and engineering. The investigators also expect to continue working with the Institute for Science Instruction and Study (ISIS) where this work will be incorporated into the training of K-12 science teachers who will incorporate their research experience into stimulating lesson plans about the very interesting remote regional ecosystem of the Southern Ocean. They will also be involved with K-12 student enrichment directly through the John's Hopkins Center for Talented Youth programs, which actively involves both minority and women participants.