Collaborative Research: Air-Sea Fluxes at High Wind Speeds with Application to Tropical Cyclone Intensity Prediction

合作研究：高风速下的海气通量及其在热带气旋强度预测中的应用

• 批准号: 9905398
• 负责人: Wade McGillis
• 金额: $ 24.51万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-02-01 至 2003-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9905398&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Air; Sea; Fluxes

Theory and numerical experiments demonstrate that the intensity achieved by tropical cyclones is sensitive to the relative importance of surface fluxes of momentum and enthalpy in the storm core, yet very little is known about such fluxes in extremely high wind speeds. Extrapolation to high winds of the functional form of surface exchange coefficients deduced from observations at moderate wind speeds leads to the prediction that storms of greater than nominal tropical storm strength should never be observed. It is hypothesized that this paradox can be resolved by a proper account of the physical processes affecting surface fluxes at high wind speeds. Attacking this problem requires a multi-disciplinary program of theoretical, numerical and laboratory work in order to address several crucial physical processes that are neglected or poorly handled in present tropical cyclone models. Accordingly, Principal Investigators from four institutions (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of Rhode Island, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory) have formed a research team to perform this research. Specifically, the Principal Investigators will: 1. Investigate the effect of re-entrant sea spray on air-sea enthalpy exchange through theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments:2. Conduct a program of theoretical and experimental research designed to yield quantitative estimates of air-sea heat exchange by bubbles; and3. Produce better estimates of the effect of waves on air-sea momentum exchange.This research should lead to better formulations of surface fluxes in very high wind speeds. These formulations will be implemented in numerical weather prediction models to improve the accuracy of tropical cyclone intensity prediction.

理论和数值实验表明，热带气旋所达到的强度对风暴核心的动量和焓的表面通量相对重要，但对于极高的风速中的这种通量知之甚少。 推断出从中等风速下观察到的表面交换系数的功能形式的大风形式导致预测，不应观察到大于标称热带风暴强度的风暴。 假设可以通过适当地说明影响高风速下表面通量的物理过程来解决此悖论。 攻击此问题需要一个理论，数值和实验室工作的多学科计划，以解决在当前热带旋风模型中忽略或处理不当处理的几个关键物理过程。 因此，来自四个机构（伍兹霍尔海洋学院，罗德岛大学，马萨诸塞州理工学院和冷区研究与工程实验室）的主要研究人员已成立了一个研究团队来执行这项研究。 具体而言，主要研究人员将：1。通过理论分析和实验室实验研究重入海喷雾对空气焓交换的影响：2。进行理论和实验研究计划，旨在通过气泡对空气热交换的定量估计；和3。对波浪对空气动量交换的影响产生更好的估计。这项研究应导致在非常高的风速下更好地表面通量。 这些配方将在数值天气预测模型中实施，以提高热带气旋强度预测的准确性。