Ambiguity Aversion and Self-Evaluation

歧义厌恶和自我评价

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0648044
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 7.93万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2007-05-01 至 2008-04-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

People often face ambiguous information about their risks, skills, personality attributes, and opinions. Patients may need to cope with seemingly conflicting advice about the value of optional protective behaviors (e.g., prostate cancer screening), employees may receive a range of feedback about their job performance, and students may need to integrate an array of potentially discrepant information in order to make reasoned academic and career decisions. Research in the decision sciences suggests that people are often averse to the sorts of ambiguity described above. On the other hand, research in social psychology suggests that people try to use ambiguity to their advantage. They are more likely to believe they are superior to their peers on dimensions that can be defined many different ways (e.g., leadership ability) than on dimensions that are more unambiguously defined (e.g., punctuality). Moreover, they are more likely to see themselves as being superior relative to ambiguously defined referents (e.g., the "average" person) than relative to more unambiguously defined referents (e.g., a specific acquaintance). These separate lines of research suggest a need to better understand the role that ambiguity plays in self-judgment, reactions to personal feedback, and decision-making. This study examines these issues. The project consists of three experiments. Experiment 1 will present chance-based games and skill-based games with probabilities of winning that vary in ambiguity. It is predicted that people will prefer the skill-based games even when the probabilities of winning the chance games are ambiguous, and particularly when their chances of winning are contingent on ambiguous performance. The design of the experiment is such that this sort of pattern would reflect ambiguity aversion despite perceptions of high competence, and would therefore be consistent with both the decision science and self-evaluation literatures. Experiments 2 and 3 will test the hypothesis that people prefer games linked to performance on tasks for which they have received ambiguous feedback. In order to separate the confounding effects of personal competence and controllability, all experiments will include measures of how participants believe others should behave, and one will vary whether performance has occurred in the future or in the past (where controllability is low because past performance cannot be altered).
人们经常面临关于他们的风险、技能、个性属性和观点的模棱两可的信息。患者可能需要处理关于可选保护行为(例如前列腺癌筛查)价值的似乎相互矛盾的建议,员工可能会收到关于他们工作表现的一系列反馈,学生可能需要整合一系列潜在的差异信息,以便做出合理的学术和职业决策。决策科学的研究表明,人们通常不喜欢上面描述的那种模棱两可。另一方面,社会心理学的研究表明,人们试图利用模棱两可为自己的优势。他们更有可能认为自己在可以用多种不同方式定义的维度(例如,领导能力)上优于同龄人,而在更明确定义的维度上(例如,准时)。此外,他们更有可能认为自己相对于定义含糊的受指对象(例如,“普通”人)比相对于定义更明确的受指对象(例如,特定的熟人)更优越。这些不同的研究表明,有必要更好地理解模棱两可在自我判断、对个人反馈的反应和决策中所起的作用。这项研究考察了这些问题。该项目由三个实验组成。实验1将呈现以机会为基础的游戏和以技能为基础的游戏,它们的获胜概率在模糊性上有所不同。据预测,即使赢得机会游戏的概率是模糊的,特别是当他们的获胜机会取决于模糊的表现时,人们也会更喜欢基于技能的游戏。实验的设计是这样的,即这种模式将反映模糊厌恶,尽管人们对高能力的感知,因此将与决策科学和自我评估文献一致。实验2和实验3将检验这一假设,即人们更喜欢与他们在收到模棱两可的反馈的任务上的表现相关的游戏。为了区分个人能力和可控性的混杂影响,所有实验都将包括参与者认为其他人应该如何行为的测量,而且表现是在未来还是过去(可控性较低,因为过去的表现不能改变)会有所不同。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
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William Klein其他文献

Neuronal expression of NUsc1, a single-chain variable fragment antibody against Ab oligomers, protects synapses and rescues memory in Alzheimer's disease models
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.1558
  • 发表时间:
    2019-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    María Clara Sellés;Juliana Fortuna;Magali Cercato;Andre Bitencourt;Amanda Souza;Vania Prado;Marco Prado;Adriano Sebollela;Ottavio Arancio;William Klein;Fernanda De Felice;Diana Jerusalinsky;Sergio Ferreira
  • 通讯作者:
    Sergio Ferreira
Evaluation and child care training programs
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf01554543
  • 发表时间:
    1975-12-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.600
  • 作者:
    William Klein
  • 通讯作者:
    William Klein
Training for new careers
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf01420687
  • 发表时间:
    1966-06-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.700
  • 作者:
    Beryce W. MacLennan;William Klein;Arthur Pearl;Jacob Fishman
  • 通讯作者:
    Jacob Fishman
Gynecologic plastic surgery under sacraltranssacral anesthesia
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0002-9378(24)90268-7
  • 发表时间:
    1924-07-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    M.O. Magid;William Klein
  • 通讯作者:
    William Klein
41 Is tau phosphorylation the fuse and toxic Abeta the match?
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.01.059
  • 发表时间:
    2012-05-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    William Klein
  • 通讯作者:
    William Klein

William Klein的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('William Klein', 18)}}的其他基金

Theoretical and Computational Studies of Glasses and the Glass Transition
玻璃和玻璃化转变的理论和计算研究
  • 批准号:
    9633385
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.93万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Kinetics of Phase Transformations
相变动力学
  • 批准号:
    9305575
  • 财政年份:
    1993
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.93万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Kinetics of Phase Transformations
相变动力学
  • 批准号:
    8919235
  • 财政年份:
    1990
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.93万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
First Order Phase Transitions and Metastable States (Materials Research)
一阶相变和亚稳态(材料研究)
  • 批准号:
    8215648
  • 财政年份:
    1983
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.93万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing grant

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