Collaborative Research: Wind, Waves, Rain and their Effects on Air-Water Gas and Momentum Exchanges

合作研究：风、波浪、雨及其对空气-水气和动量交换的影响

• 批准号: 0648171
• 负责人: Fabrice Veron
• 金额: $ 31.14万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-15 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0648171&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Wind; Waves; Rain

OCE-0648171Small-scale ocean surface dynamics, including waves and turbulence, affect global climate through their impact on ocean-atmosphere exchange. However, the role of rainfall on surface fluxes, the dynamics of surface waves, the surface ocean , and the marine atmosphere boundary layer have not been studied in detail. A significant percentage of the shear stress at the ocean surface may be provided, at low wind speed, by rainfall. In addition, moderate rains will produce a dissipation of kinetic energy that is similar in magnitude to dissipations that are measuring in the surface-wave zone under breaking wave conditions. Higher rain rates cause much higher amounts of dissipation and thus significant amounts of mixing of the ocean surface can occur. This has important implications for gas, momentum and heat transfer between the atmosphere and the ocean. Rainfall also impacts the interpretation of surface-ocean remote sensing. There has been little work to date on the assessing the impact of rain. In this project, scientists from the University of Delaware and Columbia University, will conduct laboratory experiments to determine the amount of turbulent mixing and momentum transfer that occurs from the rain, investigate the dynamic effect of rain-induced stress on surface waves and examine the impact of rainfall on air-water gas transfer rates. Parameters such as rain rate, droplet size, wind speed, shear and turbulence will be measured to determine the mechanisms which cause significant mixing and also to explore the coupling between surface fluxes that are induced by rain and those that are induced by wind. In addition, the dynamic effects of rain-induced stresses on the surface waves will be investigated. The study has several important broader impacts. An improved understanding of how rain influences air-sea interactions will facilitate the improvement of parameterizations of these processes in models of the weather and climate. Students will be involved in the laboratory work and the results will be discussed through public outreach efforts.

OCE-0648171SMALL规模的海面动力学（包括波浪和湍流）通过对海洋 - 大气交换的影响影响全球气候。但是，尚未详细研究降雨在表面通量，表面波，表面海洋和海洋大气边界层的动力学的作用。通过降雨，可以在低风速下提供很大比例的剪切应力。此外，中度降雨将产生动能的耗散，该动能与在破裂波条件下在地表波区测量的耗散相似。较高的降雨速率会导致更高的耗散量，因此可能会发生大量的海面混合。这对大气和海洋之间的气体，动量和传热具有重要意义。降雨也影响了表面遥感的解释。迄今为止，在评估雨水的影响方面几乎没有工作。在该项目中，特拉华大学和哥伦比亚大学的科学家将进行实验室实验，以确定来自雨水发生的湍流混合和动量转移的量，研究雨水引起的压力对表面波的动态影响并检查降雨对空气水气体转移速率的影响。将测量诸如降雨速率，液滴尺寸，风速，剪切和湍流之类的参数，以确定引起明显混合的机制，并探索由雨水引起的表面通量与风引起的耦合。另外，将研究雨诱导的应力对表面波的动态影响。这项研究具有几个重要的广泛影响。对雨水如何影响空气相互作用的改进理解将有助于改善天气和气候模型中这些过程的参数化。学生将参与实验室工作，结果将通过公共宣传工作讨论。