Collaborative Research: Developing and Improving Scripps Shallow Water Mapping Capability

私人投资机构要求提供资金，以建设和维护斯克里普斯世界级的浅水海底成像和多波束测绘能力。为了实现这一目标，我们正在与佛罗里达大西洋大学和Edgetech合作，建造下一代合成孔径声纳(SAS)Chirp，并将这一海底成像系统与窄波束Reson SeaBat 7125浅水、杆载条带测深和后向散射系统集成在一起。这些成像系统将构成斯克里普斯浅水仪器池的支柱，该池将向美国研究和教育界提供。下一代Chirp系统将显著提高海底图像的穿透率、空间分辨率和动态范围。合成孔径处理、接收阵列几何结构和投影仪的进步相结合，预计将使地下穿透能力比传统的线性调频声纳提高至少4倍。SAS-Chirp系统还将利用波束形成和机翼仰角来抑制表面倍数，在最浅的环境中提供更大的“真正”深度穿透。在不增加声音输出水平的情况下，将实现更大的渗透率，具有明显的环境效益。多波束系统将部署在杆座上，供多艘船只使用，为在浅水作业的小型船只提供更大的灵活性。该系统以256个0.5×1°聚焦波束(400千赫)高分辨率覆盖海底，在1-200米水深范围内产生130°条带覆盖(4倍水深)。更广泛的影响：拟议系统应使适用于包括地质灾害和海啸问题在内的一系列任务的海底和水下测绘能力有很大飞跃。德里斯科尔在让学生参与他的工作方面有着良好的记录，这应该会导致对下一代高分辨率地下测图员的培训。Driscoll在提供本科培训方面也有着出色的记录，毫无疑问，他也将使用这里提出的工具来进行这些努力。能够在复杂的沉积地层中解析精细的三维结构是一种将造福于广泛科学的能力。将便携式条带测绘系统与斯克里普斯现有的分扫描能力相结合，将是基础测绘和高优先区域时间序列成像的一项重要区域能力。如果SAS CHIRP也成功地提高了海底数据的渗透率和分辨率，这一能力将受到更多领域的追捧和推进研究项目，包括底栖生境研究、海岸变化、海岸带对灾难性灾害(地震和海啸)的脆弱性、沉积物运移力学、与美国国家科学基金会边缘项目相关的沉积过程研究(指从源到汇)，以及国家(S)在近岸地区环境研究中的不同利益。

The PIs request funding to build on and maintain Scripps' world-class shallow-water subbottom imaging and multibeam mapping capability. Toward this goal, we are collaborating with Florida Atlantic University, and Edgetech to build the next generation synthetic-aperture-sonar (SAS) CHIRP, and integrate this subbottom imaging system with a narrow-beam RESON SeaBat 7125 shallow-water, pole-mounted swath bathymetry and backscatter system. These imaging systems will form the backbone of Scripps' shallow-water instrument pool, which will be made available to the U.S. research and education community. The next generation CHIRP system will significantly improve penetration, spatial resolution and dynamic range of subbottom imagery. The combination of synthetic aperture processing, receiving array geometry and projector advances is expected to improve subsurface penetration by at least a factor of 4 over conventional CHIRP sonars. The SAS-CHIRP system will also suppress surface multiples using beam forming and the wing elevation angle, providing even greater "true" depth penetration in the shallowest of environments. Increased penetration will be achieved without increasing sound output level, which has obvious environmental benefits. The multibeam system will be deployed on a pole mount for use on multiple vessels, giving greater flexibility for use with small ships, operating in shallow waters. This system provides high-resolution coverage of the seafloor with 256 focused 0.5 x 1° beams (400 kHz) and yields 130° swath coverage (4X water depth) in water depths ranging from 1 - 200 m. Broader Impacts:The proposed system should offer a big leap in seafloor and subsurface mapping capability applicable to a range of tasks including geohazards and tsunamic issues. Driscoll has a good track record of involving students in his work and this should result in the training of the next generation of high-resolution subfloor mappers. Driscoll also has an excellent record of offering undergraduate training and will no doubt use the tools proposed here for these efforts too. Being able to resolve fine-scale, three-dimensional structures in complex sediment stratigraphies is a capability that will benefit a wide range of science. The integration of a portable swath mapping system to the existing SUBSCAN capability at SCRIPPS would be an important regional capability for fundamental mapping, and time-series imaging of high-priority areas. If the SAS CHIRP succeeds in increasing the penetration and resolution of subbottom data as well, the capability will be even more heavily sought after and advance research programs in a number of fields including, benthic habitat studies, coastal change, vulnerability of coastal zone to catastrophic hazards (earthquake and tsunami), sediment transport mechanics, sedimentary process studies linked to the NSF Margins program (Source-to-Sink comes to mind), and varied interests of the State(s) in environmental studies of nearshore areas.