Collaborative Research: Developing and Improving Scripps Shallow Water Mapping Capability

PIs要求获得资金，以建立和维护Scripps世界级的浅水海底成像和多波束测绘能力。为了实现这一目标，我们正在与佛罗里达大西洋大学和Edgetech合作，构建下一代合成孔径声呐（SAS） CHIRP，并将该海底成像系统与窄波束RESON SeaBat 7125浅水、杆式带状测深和后向散射系统集成在一起。这些成像系统将构成斯克里普斯浅水仪器池的骨干，并将提供给美国的研究和教育界。下一代CHIRP系统将显著提高水下图像的穿透性、空间分辨率和动态范围。与传统CHIRP声纳相比，合成孔径处理、接收阵列几何形状和投影仪技术的结合有望将地下穿透能力提高至少4倍。SAS-CHIRP系统还可以通过波束形成和机翼仰角抑制表面倍数，在最浅的环境中提供更大的“真实”穿透深度。在不增加声音输出级的情况下，可以实现穿透性的提高，具有明显的环境效益。多波束系统将部署在一个杆状支架上，用于多艘船只，为在浅水区作业的小型船只提供更大的灵活性。该系统提供256个聚焦0.5 x 1°波束（400 kHz）的海底高分辨率覆盖，并在1 - 200米的水深范围内提供130°的带状覆盖（4倍水深）。更广泛的影响：拟议的系统应该在海底和地下测绘能力方面提供一个巨大的飞跃，适用于包括地质灾害和海啸问题在内的一系列任务。Driscoll在让学生参与他的工作方面有着良好的记录，这应该会导致下一代高分辨率地板绘图师的培训。德里斯科尔大学在提供本科生培训方面也有着出色的记录，毫无疑问，它也会在这些努力中使用本文提出的工具。能够在复杂的沉积物地层中解析精细的三维结构是一种能力，它将使广泛的科学受益。将便携式测绘系统与SCRIPPS现有的SUBSCAN能力相结合，将是对高优先区域进行基本测绘和时序成像的重要区域能力。如果SAS CHIRP成功地提高了海底数据的穿透性和分辨率，那么该能力将受到更大的关注，并将推动许多领域的研究项目，包括底栖动物栖息地研究、海岸变化、沿海地区对灾难性灾害（地震和海啸）的脆弱性、沉积物运输力学、与NSF边缘项目相关的沉积过程研究（想到了源到汇）。以及国家在近岸地区环境研究中的不同利益。

The PIs request funding to build on and maintain Scripps' world-class shallow-water subbottom imaging and multibeam mapping capability. Toward this goal, we are collaborating with Florida Atlantic University, and Edgetech to build the next generation synthetic-aperture-sonar (SAS) CHIRP, and integrate this subbottom imaging system with a narrow-beam RESON SeaBat 7125 shallow-water, pole-mounted swath bathymetry and backscatter system. These imaging systems will form the backbone of Scripps' shallow-water instrument pool, which will be made available to the U.S. research and education community. The next generation CHIRP system will significantly improve penetration, spatial resolution and dynamic range of subbottom imagery. The combination of synthetic aperture processing, receiving array geometry and projector advances is expected to improve subsurface penetration by at least a factor of 4 over conventional CHIRP sonars. The SAS-CHIRP system will also suppress surface multiples using beam forming and the wing elevation angle, providing even greater "true" depth penetration in the shallowest of environments. Increased penetration will be achieved without increasing sound output level, which has obvious environmental benefits. The multibeam system will be deployed on a pole mount for use on multiple vessels, giving greater flexibility for use with small ships, operating in shallow waters. This system provides high-resolution coverage of the seafloor with 256 focused 0.5 x 1° beams (400 kHz) and yields 130° swath coverage (4X water depth) in water depths ranging from 1 - 200 m. Broader Impacts:The proposed system should offer a big leap in seafloor and subsurface mapping capability applicable to a range of tasks including geohazards and tsunamic issues. Driscoll has a good track record of involving students in his work and this should result in the training of the next generation of high-resolution subfloor mappers. Driscoll also has an excellent record of offering undergraduate training and will no doubt use the tools proposed here for these efforts too. Being able to resolve fine-scale, three-dimensional structures in complex sediment stratigraphies is a capability that will benefit a wide range of science. The integration of a portable swath mapping system to the existing SUBSCAN capability at SCRIPPS would be an important regional capability for fundamental mapping, and time-series imaging of high-priority areas. If the SAS CHIRP succeeds in increasing the penetration and resolution of subbottom data as well, the capability will be even more heavily sought after and advance research programs in a number of fields including, benthic habitat studies, coastal change, vulnerability of coastal zone to catastrophic hazards (earthquake and tsunami), sediment transport mechanics, sedimentary process studies linked to the NSF Margins program (Source-to-Sink comes to mind), and varied interests of the State(s) in environmental studies of nearshore areas.