International Scientific Collaborations in Mathematical and Physical Sciences: U.S. Participation in IAU, URSI, IUPAP, ICO, IUCr, IUPAC, and IMU

美国数学和物理科学界由美国国家科学院（NAS）在七个国际科学联盟中代表：国际天文学联合会（IAU）、国际无线电科学联合会（URSI）、国际理论和应用物理学联合会（IUPAP）、国际光学委员会（ICO）、国际理论和应用化学联合会（IUPAC）、国际晶体学联合会（IUCr）和国际数学联合会（IMU）。美国国家委员会（USNC），由NAS工作人员，协调美国为相应的国际联盟的会议和科学会议，研讨会和研讨会，由这些联盟组织，以确定研究主题，问题和他们的特定学科感兴趣的计划的准备工作;确定和支持美国科学家参加联盟活动;并安排向七个工会支付美国会费。 通过与利用知识实现社会目标有关的活动，建立术语和标准，参与七个国际联盟的治理，以及促进整个研究界的知识和理解，该项目的知识价值得到了展示。同样，通过促进教学、培训和学习的活动，促进国家和国际劳动力的增长和多样性，并帮助形成各学科领域的国际对话，该项目的更广泛影响显现出来。

The U.S. mathematical and physical sciences communities are represented by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in seven international scientific unions: the International Astronomical Union (IAU), the International Radio Science Union (URSI), the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), the International Commission for Optics (ICO), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), and the International Mathematical Union (IMU). U.S. National Committees (USNCs), staffed by the NAS, coordinate U.S. preparations for meetings of the corresponding international unions and for scientific conferences, symposia, and workshops organized by these unions to identify research topics, issues, and programs of interest to their specific disciplines; identify and support U.S. scientists to participate in union activities; and arrange for payment of U.S. dues to the seven unions. Through activities related to the utilization of knowledge for the achievement of social goals, establishing nomenclature and standards, participating in the governance of the seven international unions, and advancing knowledge and understanding across the research community, the intellectual merit of this project is demonstrated. Similarly, through activities that promote teaching, training, and learning, that promote the growth of and diversity in the national and international workforce, and that help shape the international dialogue in the respective disciplinary areas, the broader impacts of this project manifest themselves.