A Unique Role, A Unique Responsibility: U.S. Involvement in the International Scientific Unions in the Mathematical and Physical Sciences: IAU, IUPAC, IUCr, IMU, ICO, and IUPAP

美国数学和物理科学界由美国国家科学院(NAS)代表参加六个国际科学联盟：国际天文学联合会(IAU)、国际理论与应用物理联合会(IUPAP)、国际光学委员会(ICO)、国际理论与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)、国际结晶学联合会(IUCR)和国际数学联合会(IMU)。由NAS组成的美国国家委员会(USNCs)协调美国为相应国际工会的会议以及这些工会组织的科学会议、研讨会和研讨会所做的准备工作，以确定其特定学科感兴趣的研究主题、问题和计划；确定和支持美国科学家参与工会活动；并安排向六个工会支付美国会费。通过与利用知识实现社会目标、建立命名和标准、参与六个国际联盟的管理以及促进整个研究界的知识和理解有关的活动，展示了该项目的智力价值。这些活动鼓励跨越国际边界的合作研究和教育努力，旨在进一步发展和加强国内和国际上的每一门学科。这一项目的更广泛影响通过促进教学、培训和学习的活动体现出来，促进国家和国际劳动力的增长和多样性，并有助于形成各自学科领域的国际对话。

The U.S. mathematical and physical sciences communities are represented by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in six international scientific unions: the International Astronomical Union (IAU), the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), the International Commission for Optics (ICO), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), and the International Mathematical Union (IMU). U.S. National Committees (USNCs), staffed by the NAS, coordinate U.S. preparations for meetings of the corresponding international unions and for scientific conferences, symposia, and workshops organized by these unions to identify research topics, issues, and programs of interest to their specific disciplines; identify and support U.S. scientists to participate in union activities; and arrange for payment of U.S. dues to the six unions. The intellectual merit of this project is demonstrated through activities related to the utilization of knowledge for the achievement of social goals, establishing nomenclature and standards, participating in the governance of the six international unions, and advancing knowledge and understanding across the research community. The activities encourage cooperative research and education efforts that reach across international boundaries and are designed to further develop and enhance each discipline nationally and internationally.The broader impacts of this project manifest themselves through activities that promote teaching, training, and learning, that promote the growth of and diversity in the national and international workforce, and that help shape the international dialogue in the respective disciplinary areas.