International Scientific Collaborations in Mathematical and Physical Sciences: U.S. Participation in IAU, IUPAC, IUCr, IMU, ICO, IUPAP, and URSI

美国国家科学院（NAS）代表美国数学和物理科学界参加了七个国际科学联合会：国际天文学联合会（IAU）、国际射电科学联合会（URSI）、国际纯粹与应用物理联合会（IUPAP）、国际光学委员会（ICO）、国际纯粹与应用化学联合会（IUPAC）、国际晶体学联合会（IUCr）和国际数学联合会（IMU）。美国国家委员会（usnc）由美国国家科学院组成，协调美国对相应国际联盟会议的准备工作，以及由这些联盟组织的科学会议、专题讨论会和讲习班，以确定其特定学科感兴趣的研究主题、问题和计划；识别并支持美国科学家参与工会活动；并安排向七个工会支付美国会费。该项目的智力价值通过与利用知识实现社会目标、建立术语和标准、参与七个国际联盟的治理以及促进整个研究界的知识和理解有关的活动来证明。同样，该项目更广泛的影响体现在促进教学、培训和学习的活动，促进国内和国际劳动力的增长和多样性，并有助于形成各自学科领域的国际对话。

The U.S. mathematical and physical sciences communities are represented by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in seven international scientific unions: the International Astronomical Union (IAU), the International Radio Science Union (URSI), the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), the International Commission for Optics (ICO), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), and the International Mathematical Union (IMU). U.S. National Committees (USNCs), staffed by the NAS, coordinate U.S. preparations for meetings of the corresponding international unions and for scientific conferences, symposia, and workshops organized by these unions to identify research topics, issues, and programs of interest to their specific disciplines; identify and support U.S. scientists to participate in union activities; and arrange for payment of U.S. dues to the seven unions.The intellectual merit of this project is demonstrated through activities related to the utilization of knowledge for the achievement of social goals, establishing nomenclature and standards, participating in the governance of the seven international unions, and advancing knowledge and understanding across the research community.Similarly, the broader impacts of this project manifest themselves through activities that promote teaching, training, and learning, that promote the growth of and diversity in the national and international workforce, and that help shape the international dialogue in the respective disciplinary areas.